The Influence of Overt Hyperthyroidism on the Plasma Level of β- type Natriuretic Peptide

Journal of Chemical Health Risks

مقاله 9، دوره 11، Special Issue: Bioactive Compounds: Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases، دی 2021، صفحه 85-91   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jchr.2021.684439

نویسندگان

Ruqaya M. Al-sultan^{* 1}؛ Hazim A. Mohammed²

¹Department of Pharmacy, Directorate of Health Nineveh-Ministry of Health, Nineveh, Iraq

²Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq

چکیده

Thyroid hormones (THs) have different effects on the heart and peripheral vascular system. Several changes occur across different status of thyroid dysfunctions. Overt hyperthyroidism (OHyper) induces significant changes in cardiac functions. Untreated OHyper is a cause of heart failure (HF). B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) synthesized primarily in the myocardium. Thus, it is recommended as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for patients with HF. The present study was conducted to measure the effects of OHyper on the BNP level. A case-control study was conducted at a private clinic; Mosul Daily Surgical Clinic, Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq. From 1^st Oct., 2020 to 1^st Mar., 2021. Thirty (30) apparently healthy subjects with normal thyroid functions; Euthyroid (EU) subjects regarded as control group. Another newly diagnosed thirty (30) OHyper patients were enrolled in this study after exclusion of any facts that affect BNP level as cardiac disease, hypertension, patient taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and pregnant ladies. They were diagnosed on the basis of thyroid function tests (TFTs); Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) and Free Thyroxine (FT4). Plasma level of BNP were measured in OHyper and EU subjects’ group. Plasma BNP level is higher in patients with OHyper than EU individuals with mean values of 27.40± 35.59 and 21.68± 28.57 pg ml^-1, (p>0.05) respectively. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between plasma BNP and serum FT4 level in EU (r=0.31, p=0.01) and in OHyper patients (r=0.57, P=0.001). OHyper affect plasma BNP level possibly influencing the secretion of this peptide. Therefore, thyroid functions have to be considered when evaluating any high plasma BNP level. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Thyroid hormones (THs)؛ Overt hyperthyroidism (OHyper)؛ β- type natriuretic peptide؛ BNP؛ Heart Failure (HF)

مراجع

1. Danzi S., Klein I., 2004. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system: Minerva endocrinologica. 29(3), 139-150.‏
2. Dörr M., Völzke H., 2005. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in thyroid dysfunction: Minerva endocrinologica. 30(4), 199-216.‏
3. Kahaly G.J., Dillmann W.H., 2005. Thyroid hormone action in the heart: Endocrine Reviews. 26(5), 704-728.‏
4. Jabbar A., Razvi S., 2014. Thyroid disease and vascular risk : Clinical Medicine. 14(Suppl 6), 29-32.‏

5.Berta  E., Lengyel  I., Halmi  S., Zrínyi  M., Erdei  A., Harangi  M., Bodor  M., 2019. Hypertension in thyroid disorders: Frontiers in Endocrinology. 10(482), 1-11..‏

6. Toft A.D., Boon N.A., 2000. Thyroid disease and the heart. Heart. 84(4), 455-460.‏
7. Wei T., Zeng C., Tian  Y., Chen  Q., & Wang  L., 2005. B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with clinical hyperthyroidism: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 28(3), 8-11.‏
8. Dorr M., Wolff B., Robinson D.M., John U., Ludemann J., Meng W., Volzke H., 2005. The association of thyroid function with cardiac mass and left ventricular hypertrophy: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 90(2), 673-677.‏
9. Szkudlarek A.C., Aldenucci B., Miyagui  N.I., Silva I.K., Moraes  R.N., Ramos  H.E., Fogaça  R.T.H., 2014. Short-term thyroid hormone excess affects the heart but does not affect adrenal activity in rats: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 102(3), 270-278.‏
10. Palmieri E.A., Fazio S., Palmieri  V., Lombardi  G., Biondi  B., 2004 . Myocardial contractility and total arterial stiffness in patients with overt hyperthyroidism: acute effects of B1-adrenergic blockade. European Journal of Endocrinology. 150(6), 757-762.‏
11. Larsen P.R., Davies T.F., Hay  L.D., 1998. The thyroid gland. Williams textbook of endocrinology (Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR, eds).‏
12. Mullur R., Liu Y.Y., Brent  G.A., 2014. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiological Reviews. 94(2), 355-382.‏
13. Mazza A., Beltramello G., Armigliato M., Montemurro D., Zorzan S., Zuin M., Rubello D., 2011, September. Arterial hypertension and thyroid disorders: What is important to know in clinical practice?. In Annales d'endocrinologie . 72(4), 296-303. Elsevier Masson.‏
14. Ariachery A., 2013. Thyroid dysfunction and heart. Thyroid Research and Practice. 10(Supplement 1), S24-S25.‏
15. Coceani M., 2013. Heart disease in patients with thyroid dysfunction: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and beyond. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology/Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. 13(1), 62-66.‏
16. Sudoh T., Kangawa K., Minamino N., Matsuo H., 1988. A new natriuretic peptide in porcine brain. Nature. 332(6159), 78-81.‏
17. Minamino N., Aburaya M., Ueda S., Kangawa K., Matsuo H., 1988 . The presence of brain natriuretic peptide of 12,000 daltons in porcine heart. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 155(2), 740-746.‏
18. Hosoda K., Nakao K., Mukoyama M., Saito Y., Jougasaki M., Shirakami G., Imura H.,1991. Expression of brain natriuretic peptide gene in human heart: Production in the ventricle. Hypertension. 17(6_pt_2), 1152-1155.‏
19. Gaggin H.K., Chen-Tournoux A.A., Christenson R.H., Doros G., Hollander J.E., Levy P.D., ICON-RELOADED Investigators. 2017. Rationale and design of the ICON-RELOADED study: international collaborative of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide re-evaluation of acute diagnostic cut-offs in the emergency department. American Heart Journal. 192, 26-37.‏
20. LaPointe M.C.,2005. Molecular regulation of the brain natriuretic peptide gene. Peptides. 26(6), 944-956.‏

21.Chopra S., Cherian D., Verghese  P.P., Jacob J.J., 2013. Physiology and clinical significance of natriuretic hormones: Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 17(1), 83-90.‏

22. Nielsen L.S., Svanegaard J., Klitgaard N.A., Egeblad H., 2004. N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide for discriminating between cardiac and non‐cardiac dyspnea: European Journal of Heart Failure. 6(1), 63-70.‏
23. Mair J., 2008. Biochemistry of B-type natriuretic peptide–where are we now: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 46(11), 1507-1514.‏
24. Pandit K., Mukhopadhyay P., Ghosh  S., Chowdhury  S., 2011. Natriuretic peptides: Diagnostic and therapeutic use. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 Suppl 4(Suppl4), S345–S353.
25. Arikan S., Tuzcu A., Gokalp D., Bahceci  M., Danis  R., 2007. Hyperthyroidism may affect serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels independently of cardiac dysfunction. Clinical Endocrinology. 67(2), 202-207.‏
26. Ertugrul D.T., Gursoy A., Sahin M., Unal A.D., Pamuk B., Berberoglu  Z., Demirag  N.G., 2008. Evaluation of brain natriuretic peptide levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism :Journal of the National Medical Association. 100(4), 401-405.‏
27. Yoo B.S., 2014. Clinical significance of B-type Natriuretic peptide in heart failure: Journal of Lifestyle Medicine .4(1), 34-38.‏
28. Chowdhury P., Kehl D., Choudhary R., Maisel A., 2013. The use of biomarkers in the patient with heart failure. Current Cardiology Reports. 15(372), 1-14.‏
29. Kishida C., Naito R., Kasuya H., Kaneko T., Yabe K., Kakihara M., Shimai R., Isogai H., Ozaki D., Yasuda Y., Odagiri F., Miyazaki T., Yokoyama K., Tokano T., Koyano H., Nakazato Y., 2018. Heart Failure with Hyperthyroidism Demonstrating Discrepancy between the Clinical Course and B-type Natriuretic Peptide Levels. Internal Medicine. 57(12), 1747–1749.
30. Liang F., Webb P., Marimuthu A., Zhang S., Gardner D.G., 2003. Triiodothyronine increases brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene transcription and amplifies endothelin-dependent BNP gene transcription and hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278(17), 15073-15083.‏
31. Silver M.A., Horton D.P., Ghali J.K., Elkayam U., 2002 . Effect of nesiritide versus dobutamine on short-term outcomes in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 39(5), 798-803.‏
32. Kuwahara K., Nakao K., 2010. Regulation and significance of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides as cardiac hormones. Endocrine Journal. 57(7), 555-565.‏
33. Ertugrul D.T., Yavuz B., Ata N., Yalcin A.A., Kucukazman M., Algul B., Tutal E., 2009. Decreasing brain natriuretic peptide levels after treatment for hyperthyroidism. Endocrine Journal. 56(9), 1043-1048.‏
34. Clerico A., Zaninotto M., Prontera C., Giovannini S., Ndreu R., Franzini M., 2012. Study Group on Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry SIBIOC, State of the art of BNP and NT-proBNP immunoassays: the CardioOrmoCheck study. Clinica Chimica Acta. 414, 112-119.‏
35. Januzzi J.L., Chen-Tournoux A.A., Christenson R.H., Doros G., Hollander J.E., Levy P.D., ICON-RELOADED Investigators, 2018. N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency department: the ICON-RELOADED study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.71(11), 1191-1200.‏
36. Bui A.L., Horwich T.B., Fonarow G.C. ,2011. Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure: Nature Reviews Cardiology. 8(1), 30-41.‏
37. Xu-Cai Y.O., Wu Q., 2010 . Molecular forms of natriuretic peptides in heart failure and their implications. Heart. 96(6), 419-424.‏
38. https://www.diagnostics.eu.tosohbioscience.com.
39. Burtis C.A., Bruns D.E., 2014. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.‏
40. Jabbar A., Pingitore A., Pearce S.H., Zaman A., Iervasi G., Razvi S., 2017. Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 14(1), 39-55.‏
41. Dorr M., Wolff B., Robinson D.M., John U., Ludemann J., Meng W., Volzke H., 2005. The association of thyroid function with cardiac mass and left ventricular hypertrophy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 90(2), 673-677.‏
42. Delital A.P., Fanciulli G., Maioli M., Delitala G., 2017. Subclinical hypothyroidism, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease: European Journal of Internal Medicine. 38, 17-24.‏
43. Osuna P.M., Udovcic M., Sharma M.D., 2017. Hyperthyroidism and the Heart. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal. 13(2), 60-63.
44. Elecsys 2010, Roche Diagnosis GmbH Mannheim, Germany.
45. Özmen B., Özmen D., Parildar Z., Mutaf I., Bayindir O., 2007. Serum N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocrine research, 32(1-2), 1-8.

46.Kohno M., Horio T., Yasunari K., Yokokawa K., Ikeda M., Kurihara N., Nishizawa Y., Morii H. Takeda T., 1993. Stimulation of brain natriuretic peptide release from the heart by thyroid hormone. Metabolism. 42(8),1059-1064.

47. Christ-Crain M., Morgenthaler N.G., Meier C., Muller C., Nussbaumer C., Bergmann A., Staub J.J., Muller B., 2005. Pro-A-type and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides in different thyroid function states. Swiss Medical Weekly. 135(37-38), 549-554.