Window view in Facade of Notre Dame Cathedral Cases study; Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Nice of France

Anthropogenic Pollution

دوره 5، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 9، آذر 2021، صفحه 18-29   

نوع مقاله: ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ap.2021.1927244.1101

نویسنده

Hassan Feridonzadeh^*

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, IRAN

چکیده

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of windows in the architecture facade of Notre Dame Cathedral in France. One of the important elements of the architectural facade is a window. It is mainly located in the facade of the building and depending on its condition. Window in some cases interferes with the performance and in other cases contributes to the aesthetics of architecture. But given the minimalist architecture of Cathedral churches in urban contexts, the landscape of the windows is more colorful than other functions. The research method is a descriptive survey. So, the statistical samples are four traditional Notre Dame Cathedral churches that have windows with special motifs in the facades. These samples were selected in a targeted manner to examine their windows. Research findings indicate that the windows of Notre Dame Cathedral in France have three important functions due to their place of worship. These three tasks are function, beauty, and identity. These three components are function, beauty, and identity, which due to the religious values in this architecture, the identity role of windows is more prominent than other components. The root of this prominence is in the Christian view of the worship space.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Window view؛ Notre Dame؛ Cathedral؛ Facade؛ France

مراجع

Binding G., Masswerk, Damstadt (1989).

Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions, (2006). (Encyclopedia Britannica INC), P: 188.

Brennan, Jim. (2013). An Unplanned Pilgrimage, St. Anthony Messenger, January.

Erdoğan, N. Yüksek, I. (2018). Traditional Window Designs of Kirklareli, Turkey, Bentham Science Publishers.

Feridonzadeh, H. Cyrus Sabri, R. (2014). "Window design in Ardabil traditional houses for conservation of energy". Armanshahr Journal. Spring & summer 2014. P:1-11

Hassan Doust, M. (2004). Root Cultures of Persian Language, Publisher: Academy of Persian Language and Literature.

Heidari, Sh. (2009). Daylight in Architecture, Tehran University Press.

Hong, H-O. (2001). A study of the Ecological Perspective In Traditional Korean Home, Journal Of Korean Home Economics Association English Edition, Vol 2, No 1, P: 123-134.

Hosseini; S-M.. Mohammadi, M. Rosemann, A. Schröder, T. (2018). Quantitative Investigation Through Climate-based Daylight Metrics of Visual Comfort Due to Colorful Glass and Orosi Windows in Iranian Architecture, Journal of Daylighting.5, P:21-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2018.5

Hosseini; S-M.. Mohammadi; M. Schröder; T. Guerra-Santin, O.(2020). Integrating interactive kinetic façade design with colored glass to improve daylight performance based on occupants’ position. Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101404.

http://notredame-nice.com

http://www.fourviere.org

Javadi, Sh. (2005). Decoration, the main element in Iranian aesthetics. Bagh-e Nazar Magazine, Second Year, No. 3, 57-51.

Kateb, F., Adelvand, P. (2014). The Aesthetic of windows in Safavid painting. Manzar Magazine. 29, p: 12-17.

Khazaei; M. Mousavi Hejazi, B. (2012). Art Month Book Magazine. No,165.

Koramaz, M., Fatih, C. Saadet, A. (2006). "Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency of Gazentep Traditional houses", Conference of passive and low Energy Architecture, p:1-7.

Kozaczewska-Golasz, H., Golasz-Szołomicka H. (2008). Od kolumienki do maswerku, „Architectus”, 1 (23), p. 29–40.

Naghizadeh.M. (2008). Islamic City and Architecture (Manifestiations and Expressions), Mani publication, Isfahan. Iran.

Nemat Gorgani, Um. (1996). Background of Light in Architecture and Lighting Fixtures in Islamic Art, Journal of Works, No. 35.

Pierre, V. M. (2005). Architectural elements from form to place, translated: Fardanesh, Farzin, Shahid Beheshti University.

Pirnia, M. K. (2011). Iranian Style of Architecture, Collection and edition by Gholam Hossein Memarian, Tehran: Sorush Danesh.

Sammeer, A. (1994). The Diminishing Role of windows from traditional to modern (The case of Jaddah, Saudi Arabia), forum,. P: 16-21.

Schultz, Christian Norberg (2008). Architecture: Presence, language and place. Translated: Alireza Seyed Ahmadian. Tehran: Niloufar.

Vondráčková T, Nývlt V, Němec F. (2016). Characteristics of Gothic Cathedrals in France and their Structural Elements, Elsevier LtdProcedia Engineering, Volume 161, Pages 1751-1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.771

Victor Marie Hugo, (2001). Notre Dame de Paris. The Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction, Vol. XII.

Viollet-le-Duc E., (1866–1875). Dictionnaire Raisonné de l’Architecture Française du XIe au XVIe siècle, Paris.