Evaluation of Morphological Traits in the Populations of Coronilla varia L.

Journal of Rangeland Science

مقاله 6، دوره 13، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 52-71   

نوع مقاله: Research and Full Length Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/rs.2023.686656

نویسندگان

Parvin Salehi shanjani^{* 1}؛ Leila Rasoulzadeh²؛ Hamideh Javadi¹

¹Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization

²Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organiz

چکیده

Coronilla varia L., crown vetch, has wide adaptation, and desirable morphological characteristics for a grazing plant, tolerates short periods of overgrazing, and accordingly has potential as a forage crop. In this study, 15 traits were investigated to assess the morphological diversity of 52 populations using univariate and multivariate analyses. Crown vetch seeds provided by the Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran were sown in an experiment field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Alborz province, over two years (2019–2020). Based on the flowering date, two taxa C. varia var. varia (as perennial that go to flowering in the first year) and C. varia (as perennial that go to flowering in the second year) were identified. However, a close relationship was found between local and exotic crown vetch populations. The populations were significantly variable in all traits. The high variability was found among populations for plant height, plant canopy, internode length, stem number, and biomass yield. Biomass yield was statistically significant (p < 0.05) and positively correlated withlant height (r=0.63) and plant canopy diameter (r=0.48), internode length (r = 0.57), stem number (r=0.66), and pod length (r=0.52). The principal component analysis showed that the variations observed in the populations were mainly caused by traits such as plant height, stem number, the number of days to 50% flowering and seed ripening indicating that their contribution was important in discriminating the populations. Direct selection can also be made for the populations with high biomass yield based on the recorded performance of these populations during the field experiments. In C. varia, 12 populations classified in cluster 1 with the highest values for 12 out of 15 traits could be useful for including in future breeding programs. Besides, in C. varia var. varia, population Bojnurd (for plant height and canopy diameter), population Rezvanshahr (for internode length and stem number), and populations Karaj1 and 2 (for biomass yield) had higher mean values and were recommended for breeding programs. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Biomass yield؛ Coronilla varia؛ Principal component analysis؛ Seed ripening

مراجع

Alemayehu, N., Becker, H., 2002. Genotypic diversity and patterns of variation in a germplasm material of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 49 (6): 573–582. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021204412404

Al-Snafi, A., 2016. The pharmacological and toxicological effects of Coronilla varia and Coronilla scorpioides: A Review. The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 3: 105-114.

Andini, R., Yoshida, S., Yoshida, Y., Ohsawa, R., 2013. Amaranthus genetic resources in Indonesia: morphological and protein content assessment in comparison with worldwide amaranths. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60: 2115-2128.

Aryakia, E., Karimi, H.R., Naghavi, M.R., Fazeli, S.A.SH., 2016. Morphological characterization of intra- and interspecific diversity in some Iranian wild Allium species. Euphytica, 211(2): 185-200. DOI: 10.1007/s10681-016-1729-8

Arzani, H., Ahmadi, Z., Azarnivand, H., Bihamta M.R., 2010. Forage quality of three life forms of rangeland species in semi-arid and semi-humid regions in different phenological stages. Desert, 15: 71-74.

Bakheit, B.R., Ali, M.A., Helmy, A.A., 2011. Effect of selection for crown diameter on forage yield and quality components in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Asian Journal of Crop Science, 3: 68-76.

Basafa, M., Taherian, M., 2009. A Study of Agronomic and Morphological Variations in Certain Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Ecotypes of the Cold Region of Iran. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 8: 293-300. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2009.293.300.

Berg, W.A., 1990. Herbage production and nitrogen accumulation by alfalfa and Cicer milkvetch in the Southern Plains. Agronomy Journal, 82: 224-229.

Beuselinck, P.R., Bouton, J.H., Lamp, W.O., Matches, A.G., McCaslin, M.H., Nelson, C.J., Rhodes, L.H., Sheaffer, C.C. Volenec. J.J. 1994. Improving forage legume persistence in forage crop systems. Journal of Production Agriculture, 7: 311-322.

Bhargava, A., Shukla, S., Rajan, S., Ohri, D., 2007. Genetic diversity for morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasm. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 54: 167–173. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-005-3011-0.

Bolger, P.T., Matches A.G., 1990. Water-use efficiency and yield of sainfoin and alfalfa. Crop Science, 30: 143-148.

Burns, J.C., Cope, W.A., 1974. Nutritive value of crown vetch forage as influenced by structural constituents and phenolic and tannin compounds. Agronomy Journal, 66: 195-200.

Casler, M.D., and R.P. Walgenbach. 1990. The ground cover potential of forage grass cultivars mixed with alfalfa at divergent locations. Crop Science, 30: 825-831.

Chebouti, A., Meziani, N., Bessedik, F., Laib, M., Amrani, S., 2019. Variation in Morphological Traits and Yield Evaluation among Natural Populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 12: 596-603. DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2019.596.603

Clark, E.A., 2001. Diversity and stability in humid temperate pastures. In Tow, P.G., Lazenby, A. (eds). Competition and succession in pastures. CAB International Publication, New York, P. 103-118.

Ghafoor, A., Ahmad, Z., Qureshi, A.S., Bashir, M., 2002. Genetic relationship in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and V. radiate (L.) R. Wilczek based on morphological traits and SDSPAGE. Euphytica, 123: 367–378.

GISD (Global Invasive Species Database), 2021. Species profile: Coronilla varia. Downloaded from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=276 on 31-01-2021.

Gucker Corey, L. 2009. Securigera varia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/secvar/all.html,

Guldan, S.J., Lauriault, L.M., Martin. C.A., 2000. Evaluation of irrigated tall fescue-legume communities in the steppe of the southern Rocky Mountains. Agronomy Journal, 92: 1189-1195.

Irani, S. Majid, M.M., Mirlohi, A., 2016. Genetic variation for clonal propagation and trait association with field performance in sainfoin. Tropical Grasslands, 4: 38−46.

Jafari, S., Hassandokht, M.R., Taheri, M., Kashi A., 2017. Genetic diversity and taxonomic studies of Allium Akaka and A. elburzense native to Iran using morphological characters. Journal of Horticultural Research, 25(1): 99–115. DOI: 10.1515/johr-2017-0011

Julia, C.C., Waters, D.L.E., Wood, R.H., and Rose, T.J. 2016. Morphological characterization of Australian ex situ wild rice accessions and potential for identifying novel sources of tolerance to phosphorus deficiency. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 63: 327-337.

Laghetti, G., Pienaar, B.L., Pasdulosi, S., Perrino, P., 1998. Eco-geographical distribution of Vigna savi in southern Africa and some areas of the Mediterranean basin. Plant Genetic Resource Newsletter, 115: 6–12.

Lauriault, L.M., Guldan, S.J., Martin, C.A., 2003. Evaluation of irrigated tall fescue-legume communities in the steppe of the southern Rocky Mountains: Years five to eight. Agronomy Journal, 95:1497-1503.

Lauriault, L.M., Kirksey, R.E., Van Leeuwen, D.M., 2005. Performance of perennial cool-season grasses in diverse soil moisture environments, Southern High Plains, USA. Crop Science. 45: 909-915.

Losure, David & Moloney, Kirk & Wilsey, Brian. 2009. Modes of crown vetch invasion and persistence. The American Midland Naturalist. 161. 232-242. 10.1674/0003-0031-161.2.232.

Loumerem, M., and Alercia, A. 2016. Descriptors for jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 63(7):1103-1111.

Lv, L.Y., Wei, Z.W., Zhao, Y., Geng, X.L., Liu, G.J., Wu, Z.N., 2009. A study of self-compatibility and pollinations and separation of offspring traits of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 26: 33-36.

Mengoni, A., Gori, A., Bazzicalup, O., 2000. Use of RAPD and microsatellite (SSR) variation to assess genetic relationships among populations of tetraploid alfalfa, Medicago sativa. Plant Breeding, 119: 311-317.

Moawed, M.M., 2016. Evaluation of morphological and anatomical characters for discrimination and verification of some Medicago sativa (L.) Cultivars. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50: 183-192

Nelson, R.L., 2011. Managing self-pollinated germplasm collections to maximize utilization. Plant Genetic Resources, 9: 123-133.

Ngomuo, M., Stoilova, T., Feyissa, T., Ndakidemi, P.A., 2017. Characterization of morphological diversity of jute mallow (Corchorus spp.). International Journal of Agronomy, ID 6460498, 12 pages. Doi: 10.1155/2017/6460498.

Ojiewo, O.C.m Mwai, N.G.m Abukutsa-Onyango, O.M., Agong, G.S., Nono-Womdim, R., 2012. Exploiting the genetic diversity of vegetable African nightshades. Bioremediation, Biodiversity and Bioavailability, 7: 6–13.

Peratoner, G., Seling, S., Klotz, Florian, C., Figl, U., Schmitt, A.O., 2016. Variation of agronomic and qualitative traits and local adaptation of mountain landraces of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) from Val Venosta/Vinschgau (South Tyrol). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 63: 261-273.

Ramanatha, R., Hodgkin, T., 2002. Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 68: 1-19.

Reynolds, P.J., Jackson, C., Lindah, I.L., Henson, P.R., 1967. Consumption and digestibility of crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) forage by sheep. Agronomy Journal, 59: 589-591.

Rogers, M.E., Noble, C.L., Pederick, R.J., 1997. Identifying suitable temperate forage legume species for saline areas. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 37: 639-645.

Ruffner, J.D., Hall, J.G., 1963. Crown vetch in West Virginia. Bulletin 487. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University, Agricultural Experimental Station. 19 p.

SAS Inst., 2001. The SAS system for Windows. Release 8.02. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.

Shen, G., Girdthai, T., Liu, Z.Y., Fu, Y.H., Meng, Q.Y., Liu, F.Z., 2019. Principal component and morphological diversity analysis of Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 79: 131-143. Doi: 10.4067/S0718-58392019000100131.

Shukla, S., Bhargava, A., Chatterjee, A., Pandey, A.C., Mishra, B.K., 2010. Diversity in phenotypic and nutritional traits in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), a nutritionally underutilized crop. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90: 139–144.

Singh, S.P., 1991. Genetic divergence and canonical analysis in hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.). Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 45: 7–12.

Singh, S.P., Shukla, S., Yadav, H.K., 2004. Multivariate analysis to the breeding system in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Genetika, 34(2): 111–120. DOI: 10.2298/gensr0402111s.

Symstad, A., 2009. Secondary invasion following the reduction of Coronilla varia (Crown vetch) in Sand Prairie. The American Midland Naturalist, 152: 183-189. Doi: 10.1674/0003-0031.

USDA, 2007. Plant profile for Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, a synonym for Coronilla varia L. http://plants.usda.gov.

Welham, C., Turkington, R., Sayre, C., 2002. Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity. Oecologia, 130: 231-238. Doi: 10.1007/s004420100791.

Yan, J., Chu, H.J., Wang, H.C., Li, J.Q., Sang, T., 2009. Population genetic structure of two Medicago species shaped by a distinct life form, mating system, and seed dispersal. Annals of Botany, 103: 825–834.

Zarabiyan, M., Majidi, M.M., Ehtemam, M.H., 2013. Genetic diversity in a worldwide collection of sainfoin using morphological, anatomical, and molecular markers. Crop Science, 53: 2483-2496.

Zhang, A.Q., Zhu, J.Z., Tan, D.Y., 2006. A study on the effect of environmental factors on flowering behavior and tripping of Xinmu No.1 Medicago lupulina. Acta Prataculturae Sinica. 4: 43-50.