Morphological and Phytochemical Diversity among Some Iranian Rosa damascena Mill. Landraces

Journal of Ornamental Plants

مقاله 2، دوره 11، شماره 4، اسفند 2021، صفحه 243-255   

نوع مقاله: Research Paper

نویسندگان

Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh^{* 1}؛ Behrouz Ebadi²؛ Mohammad reza Morshedloo²؛ Akbar Abdi Ghazijahani³

¹Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran

²Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55136-553, Iran

³East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده

Essential oil of Iranian damask rose has high quality because of its desirable climatic and growing conditions. In the present study, an RCBD design was used to investigate the morphology and phytochemical characteristics of six damask rose landraces, collected from East Azerbaijan province. The investigated landraces showed a significant difference among morphological traits. According to the morphological characteristics, the landraces were grouped in two distinct classes including thorny and thornless. Qazi Jahan, Nadilu, and Kharaju (thornless) were the most suitable ecotypes in terms of flower yield and growth. Interestingly, petal, bud, and flower fresh and dry weight, bud number per branch, and essential oil content had a positive and significant correlation with flower yield. Essential oil analysis showed that citronellol, geraniol and n-nonadecane were the major components of the rose landraces. The amount of citronellol in the thorny genotypes was higher than that in thornless ones. On the other hand, n. nonadecane was the dominant component in the thornless genotypes. Our results demonstrated significant differences among the two classes of genotypes (with/without thorn) in terms of essential oil quality and flower yield. The important indices that influenced yield and percentage of essential oil of damask rose were petal fresh/dry weight, flower weight, petal length/width, and petal number among the 14 morphological traits, in addition to yield and essential oil percentage. There was a significant difference in odor between the thorny landraces and thornless ones. There was no significant difference in leaf length and width and number of branches per area between different landraces. These differences introduced a new variety of damask rose for breeding programs and industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Essential oil؛ Flower yield؛ Genetically diversity؛ Phenotype

مراجع

Achuthan, C.R., Babu, B.H. and Padikkala, J. 2003. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective. Aromatic Plant, 21: 35-49.

Basim, E. and Basim, H. 2003. Antibacterial activity of Rosa damascena essential oil. Fitoterapia, 74 (4): 394-396.

Baydar, H. and Baydar, N.G. 2005. The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21 (2): 251-255.

Cheng, B., Yu, C., Fu, H., Zhou, L., Luo, L., Pan, H. and Zhang, Q. 2020. Evaluation of the morphological diversity of tea roses (Rosa × odorata) based on phenotypic traits. Plant Genetic Resources, 18 (3): 149-158.

Gault, M. and Synge, P.M. 1971. The dictionary of roses in colour. Rainbird References Books, London, UK.

Gudin, S. 2000. Rose: Genetics and breeding. Plant Breeding Reviews, 17: 159-190.

Iwata, H., Kato, T. and Ohno, S. 2000. Triparental origin of damask roses. Gene, 259: 53-39.

Jabbarzadeh, Z. and Khosh-Khui, M. 2005. Factors affecting tissue culture of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae, 105 (4): 475-482.

Kaul, K., Karthigeyan, S., Dhyani, D., Kaur, N., Sharma, R.K. and Ahuja, P.S. 2009. Morphological and molecular analyses of Rosa damascene × R. bourboniana interspecific hybrids. Scientia Horticulturae, 122 (2): 258-263.

Kaul, V.K., Virendra, S. and Bikram, S. 2000. Damask rose and marigold: Prospective industrial crops. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 22 (1B): 313-318.

Krussman, G. 1981. The complete book of roses. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.

Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Kaundal, M., Sood, S. and Agnihotri, V.K. 2016. Variation in essential oil content and composition of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flowers by salt application under mid hills of the Western Himalayas. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19 (2): 297-306.

Kumar Pal, P. 2013. Evaluation, genetic diversity, recent development of distillation method, challenges and opportunities of Rosa damascena: A review. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16 (1): 1-10.

Ma, Y., Islam-Faridi, M.N., Crane, C.F., Ji, Y., Stelly, D.M., Price, H.J. and Byrne, D.H. 1997. In situ hybridization of ribosomal DNA to rose chromosomes. Journal of Heredity, 88 (2): 158-161.

Mahboubi, M. 2016. Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6 (1): 10-16.

Mahboubi, M., Kazempour, N., Khamechian, T., Fallah, M.H. and Kermani, M.M. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 1 (1): 19-26.

Millan, T., Osuna, F., Cobos, S., Torres, A.M. and Cubero, J.I. 1996. Using RAPDs to study phylogenetic relationships in Rosa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 92 (2): 273-277.

Morshedloo, M.R., Craker, L.E., Salami, A., Nazeri, V., Sang, H. and Maggi, F. 2017. Effect of prolonged water stress on essential oil content, compositions and gene expression patterns of mono-and sesquiterpene synthesis in two oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) subspecies. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 111: 119-128.

Nikbakht, A. and Kafi, M. 2004. A study on the relationships between Iranian people and damask rose (Rosa damascena) and its therapeutic and healing properties. In: VIII International People-Plant Symposium on Exploring Therapeutic Powers of Flowers, Greenery and Nature, 790 (pp. 251-254).

Nilgun, G.B., Hasan, B. and Thomas, D. 2004. Analysis of genetic relationships among Rosa damascena plants grown in Turkey by using AFLP and microsatellite markers. Journal of Biotechnology, 111: 263–267.

Rezaei, M.B., Jaymand, K., Tabaei, A.S., Barazandeh, M.M. and Meshkizadeh, S. 2003. Comparative study essential oils of Rosa damascena Mill. from center and northwest of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 19 (4): 339-349.

Schmitzer, V., Veberic, R., Osterc, G. and Stampar, F. 2010. Color and phenolic content changes during flower development in groundcover rose. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 135 (3): 195-202.

Sefidkon, F., Akbari, Z., Assareh, M.H. and Bakhshi Khaniki, G.H. 2007. Comparison of quantity and quality of aromatic compounds from (Rosa damascene Mill.) by different extraction methods. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22 (4): 351-365.

Singh, S.P. and Kayiyar, R.S. 2001. Correlation and path coefficient analyses for flower yield in Rosa damascena Mill. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 8 (1): 43-49.

Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Babaei, A., Khosh-Khui, M., Jaimand, K., Rezaee, M.B., Assareh, M.H. and Naghavi, M.R. 2007. Morphological and oil content variations amongst damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) landraces from different regions of Iran. Scientia Horticulturae, 113 (1): 44-48.

Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R., Farhangian, S., Jafari, A.A. and Rezaei, M.B. 2005b. Evaluation of morphological variation in Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes from six central provinces of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 21 (2): 227 – 239.

Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R. and Rezaei, M.B. 2004. Study of flower yield variation in Rosa damascena Mill. from western regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 20 (3): 333 - 344.

Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R., Rezaei, M.B. and Jaymand, K. 2003. Evaluation of genetic variation in floral parts and essential oils concentration of Rosa damascena genotypes collected from Kashan/Iran. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 11 (2): 219 - 234.

Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Rezaee, M.B. and Jaimand, K. 2005a. Study of genetic variation in essential oils yield of Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes from central regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 21(1): 35-49.

Tabaei-Aghdaei, S.R., Sahebi, M., Jafari, A.A. and Rezaee, M.B. 2004a. Evaluation of flower yield and morphological characteristics of 11 Rosa damascena Mill. genotypes using multivariate analyses. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 20(2): 199-211.

Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R., Soleymani, E., Jafari, A.A. and Rezaei, M.B. 2004b. Evaluation of flower yield and morphological characteristics of Rosa Damascena Mill. genotypes from west parts of Iran, using multivariate analyses. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 12 (2): 203 - 220.

Tosun, I., Gonullu, M.T. and Gunay, A. 2002. Anaerobic digestion of residues from rose oil production. In ISWA 2002 World Environmental Congress and Exhibition (pp. 8-12).

Widrlechner, M.P. 1981. History and utilization of Rosa damascena. Economic Botany, 35 (1): 42-58.

Yoosefi, B., Ghasempoor, H.R., Yousefi, B., Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R. and Jaimand, K. 2016. Variations in chemical components of essential oils in 25 accessions of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 32 (1): 98-114.

Yousefi, B., Tabaei Aghdaei, A.S. and Asareh, M. 2005. Study of cutting rhizogenesis and sapling growth variation in Rosa damascena genotypes in Kurdistan. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 13 (1): 1 - 27.