Response of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seedling Rootstocks to Salicylic Acid Foliar Application under Water Stress

Journal of Nuts

دوره 13، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 2022، صفحه 41-56   

نوع مقاله: Research Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jon.2021.1935934.1120

نویسندگان

Mostafa Ghasemi^{* 1}؛ Kazem Arzani²؛ Abbas Yadollahi³؛ Hossein Hokmabadi⁴؛ Majid Agha-Alikhani⁵

¹Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Qazvin, Iran

²Professor, Respectively, Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran

³Associate Professor, Respectively, Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran

⁴Associate Professor, Agricultural education and Extension Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

⁵Professor, Department of Agronomy, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), PO. Box 14115-336 Tehran, Iran

چکیده

This research was conducted to determine the effect of salicylic acid on the drought tolerance of three pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks. The treatments were included three irrigation levels (Control: 100 % ETc, medium stress: 65% ETc, and severe stress: 30% ETc), three pistachio rootstocks, and three salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1, and 3 mM). The salicylic acid solution was once applied as a foliar spray, starting water stress, and irrigation treatments continued for 75 days. Results showed that P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ was less affected by water stress treatments than the other seedling rootstocks. Among the rootstocks studied, the highest photosynthesis rate (6.55 µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) was obtained in P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ under severe water stress (30 % ETc) and 1 mM salicylic acid application. The lowest photosynthesis rate (2.75 µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) was observed in P. vera ‘Sarakhs’ under severe water stress (30 % ETc) and 3 mM salicylic acid treatment. In addition, the highest relative water content (66.16%) and the lowest ion leakage (33.29%) were obtained in ‘Badami Zarand.’ The 1 mM salicylic acid application effectively reduced the negative effects of water stress. According to the results, P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ showed a better response to salicylic acid under stress conditions, and the highest photosynthesis, relative leaf water content, dry weight of organs (leaves, shoots, roots), and the lowest ion leakage under drought stress belonged to this rootstock.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Gas exchange؛ Growth parameters؛ Ion leakage؛ Osmoregulation؛ Relative water content

مراجع

Abbaspour H, Afshari H, Abdel-Wahhab A (2012) Influence of salt stress on growth, pigments, soluble sugars and ion accumulation in three pistachio cultivars. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6, 2468-2473.

Abbaspour N, Babaee L (2017) Effect of salicylic acid application on oxidative damage and antioxidant activity of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) under drought stress condition. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 4(1), 29-50.

Alipour H (2018) Photosynthesis properties and ion homeostasis of different pistachio cultivar seedlings in response to salinity stress. International Journal of Horticultural science and Technology. 5(1), 19-29.

 

Aref I, El Atta H, El Obeid M, Ahmed A, Khan P, Iqbal M (2013) Effect of water stress on relative water and chlorophyll contents of Juniperus procera Hochst. Ex Endlicher in Saudi Arabia. Life Science Journal. 10(4), 681-685.

Aref IM, Khan PR, Khan S, El-Atta H, Ahmed AI, Iqbal M (2016) Modulation of antioxidant enzymes in Juniperus procera needles in relation to habitat environment and dieback incidence. Trees. 30, 1669-1681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1399-0.

Arzani K (1994) Horticultural and physiological aspects of vigor control in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) under orchard and controlled environment conditions. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Plant Science, Massey University, New Zealand.

Arzani K, Arji I (2000) The effect of water stress and deficit irrigation on young potted olive CV 'Local-Roghani Roodbar'. Acta Horticulturae. 537, 879-885.

Arzani K (2002) Introduction of some Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus pyrifolia) to Iran. Acta Horticulturae. 596, 287-290.

Arzani K (2017) The potential and limiting environmental conditions on fruit trees germplasm and yield of established orchards in Iran. First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran (IrHC2017), September 4-7, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran Iran, Abstracts Book, O-63(216). pp. 110.

Bajji M, Kinet JMS, Luttus S (2002) The use of electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regulation. 36, 61-70.

Bashir H, Qureshi MI, Ibrahim MM, Iqbal M (2015) Chloroplast and photosystems: Impact of cadmium and iron deficiency. Photosynthetica.53, 321-335.

Bastam N, Baninasab B, Ghobadi C (2013) Improving salt tolerance by exogenous application of salicylic acid in seedlings of pistachio. Plant Growth Regulation. 69, 275–284.

Bayat H, Mardani H, Arouie H, Salahvarzi Y (2011) Effects of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedling (Cucumis sativus cv. Super Dominus) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Productions. 18(3), 63-76. [In Persian]

Behrooz A, Vahdati K, Rejali F, Lotfi M, Sarikhani S and Leslie CA (2019) Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting bacteria alleviate drought stress in walnut. HortScience 54(6), 1087–1092.

Behzadi Rad P, Roozban MR, Karimi S, Ghahremani R, Vahdati K (2021) Osmolyte accumulation and sodium compartmentation has a key role in salinity tolerance of pistachios rootstocks. Agriculture. 11(8), 708.

Blum A, Ebercon A (1981) Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Science. 21, 43-47.

Chowdhury JA, Karim MA, Khaliq QA, Ahmed AU (2017) Effect of drought stress on bio-chemical change and cell membrane stability of soybean genotypes. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research. 42(3), 475-485.

Chu J, Yao X, Zhang Z (2010) Responses of wheat seedlings to exogenous selenium supply under cold stress. Biological Trace Element Research. 136, 355-363.

Eslami M, Nasibi F, Manouchehri Kalantari K, Khezri M, Oloumi H (2019) Effect of exogenous application of l-arginine and sodium nitroprusside on fruit abscission and physiological disorders of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Scions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 51-62.

Esmaeilpour A, Van Labeke MC, Boeckx P, Van Damme P (2016) Impact of osmotic drought stress on carbon isotope discrimination and growth parameters in three pistachio rootstocks (Pistacia spp., Anacardiaceae). Options Mediterraneennes 119 XVI GREMPA Meeting on Almonds and Pistachios.

Fariduddin Q, Hayat S, Ahmad A (2003) Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica. 41, 281-284.

Ghasemi M, Arzani K, Yadollahi A, Hokmabadi H, Robert D. Guy (2017) Identification of some drought resistance mechanisms in four seedling rootstocks under water stress. First International Horticultural Science Conference of Iran (IrHC2017) September 4-7, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran Iran, Abstracts Book. pp. 204.

Goldhamer DA, Beede RH (2004) Regulated deficit irrigation effects on yield, nut quality and water-use efficiency of mature pistachio trees. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 79(4), 538-545.

Haghshenas M, Nazarideljou MJ, Shokoohian A (2020) Phytochemical and Quality Attributes of Strawberry Fruit under Osmotic Stress of Nutrient Solution and Foliar Application of Putrescine and Salicylic Acid. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(3), 263-78.

He YL, Liu Q, Chen C, Bian AH (2002) Thermo tolerance related to antioxidation induced by salicylic acid and heat acclimation in tall fescue seedlings. Journal of plant Physiology and Molecular Biology. 28, 89-95.

Heidarian F, Roshandel P (2021) Salicylic Acid Improves Tolerance Against Salt Stress Through Boosting Antioxidant Defense System in Black Bean. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(2),175-89.

Huang B, DaCosta M, Jiang Y (2014) Research advances in mechanisms of grass tolerance to abiotic stresses: from physiology to molecular biology. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 33, 141–189.

Husen A, Iqbal M, Aref IM (2017) Plant growth and foliar characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba L. ) as affected by indole-acetic acid under water-sufficient and water-deficient conditions. Journal of Environmental Biology. 38, 179-186.

Husen A, Iqbal M, Sohrab SS, Ansari MKA (2018) Salicylic acid alleviates salinity caused damage to foliar functions, plant growth and antioxidant system in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Br.). Agriculture and Food Security. 7, 44.

Husen A, Iqbal M, Khanam N, Aref IM, Sohrab SS, Masresha G (2019) Modulation of salt-stress tolerance of niger (Guizotia abyssinica), an oilseed plant, by application of salicylic acid. Journal of Environmental Biology. 40(1), 96-104.

Ignatenko A, Talanova V, Repkina N, Titov A (2019) Exogenous salicylic acid treatment induces cold tolerance in wheat through promotion of antioxidant enzyme activity and proline accumulation. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 41, 80.

Inze D, Van Montagu M (1995) Oxidative stress in plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 6(2), 153-158.

Khaleghi E, Arzani K, Moallemi N, Barzegar M (2012) Evaluation of Chlorophyll Content and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Relationships between Chlorophyll a, b and Chlorophyll Content Index under Water Stress in Olea europaea cv. `Dezful’. World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology. 68, 2112-2115

Khan MIR, Fatma M, Per TS, Anjum NA, Khan NA (2015) Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6(462). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00462.

Khan W, Prithiviraj B, Smith DL (2003) Photosynthesis responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology. 160, 485-492.

Khodary SEA (2004) Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt-stressed maize plants. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 6, 5-8.

Leslie CA, Romani RJ (1986) Salicylic acid: A new inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. Plant Cell Reports. 5,144–146.

Leventtuna A, Kaya C, Dikiltas M, Yokos I, Burun B, Altunlu H (2014) Comparative effects of various salicylic acid derivatives on key growth parameters and some enzyme activities in salinity stressed maize (Zea mays L.). Plants Botany. 39, 787-798.

Lotfi N, Soleimani A, Vahdati K, Çakmakçı R. (2019) Comprehensive biochemical insights into the seed germination of walnut under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae 250, 329-43.

Mahajan S, Tuteja N (2005) Cold, salinity and drought stresses: An overview. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 139-158.

Mahdavian K (2022) Effect of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Lipid peroxidation and Scavenging Capacity of Radical of red bean (Phaseolus calcaratus L.) under Salt Stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 9(1), 55-72.

Misra N, Misra R (2012) Salicylic acid changes plant growth parameters and proline metabolism in Rauwolfia serpentina leaves grown under salinity stress. American- Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 12, 1601–1609.

Miura K, Tada Y (2014) Regulation of water, salinity, and cold stress responses by salicylic acid. Frontiers in Plant Science.5, 4

Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment. 25, 239-250

Nazar R, Iqbal N, Syeed S, Khan NA (2011) Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under salt stress by enhancing nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and antioxidant metabolism differentially in two mungbean cultivars. Journal of Plant Physiology. 168 807–815.

Nazar R, Umar S, Khan NA. Sareer O (2015) Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress. South African Journal of Botany. 98, 84–94.

Nemeth M, Janda T, Horvath E, Paldi EA, Szalai G (2002) Exogenous salicylic acid increases polyamine content but may decrease drought tolerance in maize. Plant Science. 162, 569-574.

Norozi M, ValizadehKaji B, Karimi R, Nikoogoftar Sedghi M (2019) Effects of foliar application of potassium and zinc on pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) fruit yield. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 6(1), 113-23.

Ranjbarfordoei A, Samson R, Van Damme P, Lemeur R (2000) Effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistacia khinjuk and P. mutica. Photosynthetica. 38, 443-447.

Rao M V, Paliyath G, Ormrod DP, Murr DP, Watkins CB (1997) Influence of salicylic acid on H₂O₂ production, oxidative stress and H₂O₂-netabolizingenzymes (salicylic acid-mediated oxidative damage requires H₂O₂). Plant Physiology. 115(1), 137-149.

Roozban MR, Arzani K, Mirlatifi SM (2010) Diurnal variations in photosynthetic gas exchanges in two Iranian pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Cultivars. Seed and Plant Production. 25(3), 285-300. [In Persian].

Senaratna T, Touchell D, Bunn E, Dixon K (2000) Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation. 30, 157-161.

Serra A, Strever P, Myburgh A, Eeloire A (2014) Review: the interaction between rootstocks and cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) to enhance drought tolerance in grapevine. Australian Journal of grape and wine Research. 20, 1–14.

Shafiei N, Khaleghi E, Moallem N (2019) Effect of Salicylic Acid on Some Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Olive (Olea europaea cv. ‘Konservalia’) Under Water Stress. Journal of Plant Productions 42(1), 15-30. [In Persian]

Shamshiri MH, Hasani MR (2015) Synergistic accumulative effects between exogenous salicylic acid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Abareqi) seedlings under drought stress. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2(2), 151-160

Sharifkhah M, Bakhshi D, Pourghayoumi M, Abdi S, Hokmabadi H (2020) Effect of pollination time on yield and antioxidant properties of some pistachio cultivars. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7(1), 51-8.

Sun Y, Liu X, Zhai H, Gao H, Yao Y, Du Y (2016) Responses of photosystem II photochemistry and the alternative oxidase

pathway to heat stress in grape leaves. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38, 232.

Vahdati K, Sarikhani S, Arab MM, Leslie CA, Dandekar AM, Aletà N, Bielsa B, Gradziel TM, Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Sideli GM, Serdar Ü, Akyüz B, Beccaro GL, Donno D, Rovira M, Ferguson L, Akbari M, Sheikhi A, Sestras AF, Kafkas S, Paizila A, Roozban MR, Kaur A, Panta S, Zhang L, Sestras RE, Mehlenbacher S (2021) Advances in rootstock breeding of nut trees: objectives and strategies. Plants. 10, 2234.

Waseem M, Athar HUR, Ashraf M (2006) Effect of salicylic acid applied through rooting medium on drought tolerance of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38(4), 1127-1136.

Yordanov I, Velikova V, Tsonev T (2000) Plant responses to drought, acclimation, and stress tolerance. Photosynthetica. 38, 171–186.

Yousefzadeh Najafabadi M, Ehsanzadeh P (2017) Salicylic acid effects on osmoregulation and seed yield in drought-stressed sesame. Agronomy Journal. 109(4), 1414–1422.

Zanganeh R, Jamei R, Rahmani F (2019) Role of salicylic acid and hydrogen sulfide in promoting lead stress tolerance and regulating free amino acid composition in Zea mays L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 41, 94.