The Simulation on the Phase Formation of Bi-Ba-Ca-Cu-O high Temperature Superconductor

Journal of Advanced Materials and Processing

دوره 9، شماره 4، بهمن 2021، صفحه 35-42   

نوع مقاله: Research Paper

نویسندگان

Ali Mohsin؛ Emad K. Al-Shakarchi^*

Physics Department, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

چکیده

The high-temperature superconductor like Bi₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+d was prepared using the solid-state reaction method at different calcination temperatures including 780, 800, and 850 °C. X-ray diffraction technique was used to define crystal structure formation as a function of calcination temperature. It was found a tetragonal phase was obtained with lattice constants of a=b=4.2967, and c=36.5248 Å. It was found that there is a limited difference in the scattered peak intensities making a partial variation in the fraction volume of the phase formation. Such that the volume fraction of a high phase superconductor recorded 73.76% for the Bi-2223 phase at calcination temperature of 800 °C. There is high intensity for the most probable peaks in the prepared sample at a temperature of 800 °C mentioned by peaks (010), (110), and (0116) related to the tetragonal phase. Their intensities were twice incomparable with the peaks that appeared at calcination temperature at around 850 °C. That is returned to high tetragonally and high stability in the atomic distribution within the unit cell. The structure simulation was applied due to the experimental X-ray patterns to investigate the formation of tetragonal shape via a unit cell. A Williamson-Hall method was used to show the crystallite size and the possible strain in the unit cell. It was found the lowest value of strain about (0.0005) appeared at calcination temperature of 800 °C. SEM and EDS had accomplished the surface morphology and elements concentration, their results were confirmed with XRD analysis .

کلیدواژه‌ها

X-ray diffraction؛ Williamson-Hall measurements؛ Calcination temperatures؛ High-temperature superconductor

مراجع

[1] J.G. Bednorz, and K.A. Muller, “Possible High T_c Superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O System”, Z. phys. B- Condensed Matter, 64, pp. 189-193, (1986).

[2] J.G. Bednorz, and K.A. Muller, “Perovskite type oxides- The new approach to high-T_c superconductivity” Reviews of Modern Physics, 60(3), pp. 585-600, (1988).

[3] C. Michel, M. Hervieu, M.M. Borel, A. Grandin, F. Deslandes, J. Provost, and B. Raveau, “Superconductivity in the Bi- Sr- Cu- O System”, Z. Phys. B - Condensed Matter 68, pp. 421-423, (1987). 

[4] A.K. Cheetham, A.M. Chippindale, and S.J. Hibble, “Control of copper valence in Bi₂Sr_2-xCaCu₂O₈”, Nature 333, pp. 21, (1988).

[5] H.P. Roeser, F. Hetfleisch, F.M. Huber, M.F. von Schoenermark, M. Stepper, A. Moritz, and A.S. Nikoghosyan, Correlation between oxygen excess density and critical transition temperature in superconducting Bi-2201, Bi-2212 and Bi-2223, Acta Astronautica 63, pp. 1372-1375, (2008).

[6] C.W. Chu, J. Bechtold, L. Gao, P.H. Hor, Z.J. Huang, R.L. Meng, Y.Y. Sun, Y.Q. Wang, and Y.Y. Xue, “Superconductivity up to 114 K in the Bi-AI-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Compound System without Rare-Earth Elements”, Physical Review Letters, 60(10), pp. 941-943, (1988).

[7] I.M.O. Dabaa, and R. Abd-Shukor, "Phase Formation and Transport Critical Current Density of Tl₂ Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ Superconductor with Nano Bi₂O₃", Solid State Phenomena, 268, pp 320-324, (2017). 

[8] D.H. Tran, T.M. Le, T.H. Do, Q.T. Dinh, N.T.T. Duong, D.T.K. Anh, N.K. Man, D. Pham, and W.N. Kang, "Enhancements of Critical Current Density in the Bi­Pb­Sr­Ca­Cu­O Superconductor by Na Substitution", Materials Transactions, 59(7), pp. 1072-1074, (2018).

[9] Superconductors-Properties, Technology and Applications, edited by  Y. Grigorashvili, pp. 244-245, InTech Publisher, (2012).

[10] Z. F. Ren and J. H. Wang, “Uniform and flexible W-meter superconducting tape of silver-sheathed Tl_0.5Pb_0.5Ba_0.4Sr_1.6Ca₂Cu₃O_8.2”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61(14), pp. 1715-1717, (1992)

[11] T. S. Kayed, “Synthesis, X-ray data, and Hall effect measurements of Li-doped Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductor”, Cryst. Res. Technol. 38(11), pp. 946-950, (2003).

[12] A. El Ali, A.D. Alazawi, Y.A. Hamam, and K. Khasawinah, “Partial Substitution Effects on the Structure and Electrical Properties of the High Temperature Superconducting System Bi_2-xTl_xBa_2-ySr_yCa₂Cu₃O_10+d”, Jordan Journal of Physics, 1(1), pp. 43-52, (2008).   

[13] O.A. Gitan, K.H. Razzeg, and A-K.D. Ali, “Effect of Partial Substitution of Pb and Cd on Structural and Electrical Properties of Bi₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+d HTSC”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(14), pp. 647-654, (2013).

[14] Y.J. Ko, J.Y. Oh, C.Y. Song, and D.S. Yang, Phase transition of (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconductor induced by Fe₃O₄ addition, Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics, 21(4), pp.1-5, (2019).                              

[15] V. Garnier, I. Monot, and G. Desgardin, Optimization of calcination conditions on the Bi-2223 kinetic formation and grain size, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 13, pp. 602-611, (2000).  

[16] M. Sumadiyasa, and IB.S. Manuaba, “Determining Crystallite Size Using Scherrer Formula, Williamson-Hull Plot, and Particle Size with SEM”, Buletin Fisika, 19(1), pp.28-35, (2018).

[17] V.F. Shamray, A.B. Mikhailova, and A.V. Mitin, "Crystal Structure and Superconductivity of Bi-2223", Crystallography Reports, 54(4), pp. 584-590, (2009).

[18] K.M. Wadi, A.N. Abdulateef, A.H. Shaban, and K.A. Jasim, "Improvement of superconducting properties of Bi₂Ba₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ Ceramic by prepared under different pressures", Energy Procedia 157 pp. 222-227, (2019).

[19] M.R. Koblischka, S. Roth, A.K. Veneva, T. Karwoth, A. Wiederhold, X.L. Zeng, S. Fasoulas, and M. Murakami, "Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys", Metals 10(158), pp.1-26, (2020).

[20] V.D. Rodrigues, G.A. de Souza, C.L. Carvalho, and R. Zadorosny, Effect of La Doping on the Crystal Structure, Electric, Magnetic and Morphologic Properties of the BSCCO System, Materials Research, 20(5), pp. 1406-1413, (2017).

[21] R.S.A. Al-Khafaji, and K.A. Jasim, “Dependence the microstructure specifications of earth metal lanthanum La substituted Bi₂Ba₂CaCu_2–XLa_XO_8+d on cation vacancies”, AIMS Materials Science, 8(4), pp. 550-559, (2021).