اثر ازتوباکتر و سطوح کود شیمیایی نیتروژن روی صفات آگروفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 15، 4 (60) زمستان، بهمن 1400، صفحه 467-492   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jcep.2022.689790

نویسندگان

عباس سلیمانی فرد¹؛ مانی مجدم^{* 2}؛ شهرام لک²؛ مجتبی علوی‌فاضل²

¹گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران. گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران

²گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی صفات فنولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ در شرایط تنش خشکی و بدون تنش در دو آزمایش مستقل، هر یک به­صورت آزمایش‌های فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 95- 1394 و 96-1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی سرابله اجرا شدند. یکی از آزمایش‌ها تحت شرایط بدون تنش آبیاری بر اساس نیاز گیاه و آزمایش دیگر به صورت تنش خشکی بدون هیچ گونه آبیاری و صرفاً با استفاده از نزولات آسمانی انجام گردید. میزان کل بارش در طی دوره رشد گیاه در سال‌های 95-1394 و 96-1395 به ­ترتیب 410/7 و 388/5 میلی‌متر بودند که با توزیع نامناسب در طی فصل رشد اتفاق افتادند. تیمارهای آزمایشی، فاکتور اول شامل شش ژنوتیپ گلرنگ و فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر همراه با مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره در چهار سطح بدون مصرف هیچ منبع کودی (شاهد)، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح بذر با ازتوباکتر+ 50 درصد نیتروژن از منبع اوره و  100 درصد نیتروژن از منبع کود شیمیایی اوره بر اساس نتایج آزمایش خاک، بودند. نتایج نشان داد اثر منبع نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ در هر دو شرایط تنش خشکی و بدون تنش بر روی کلیه صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی بیشترین عملکرد دانه متعلق به ژنوتیپ سینا در تیمارهای کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و تیمار تلفیقی ازتوباکتر+ 50درصد مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (به ترتیب با میانگین 1408 و 1336 کیلوگرم در هکتار) برآورد شدند، که اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. در شرایط بدون تنش بیشترین عملکرد دانه به تیمار 100 درصد مصرف کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و ژنوتیپ PI-306974 با میانگین 2185 کیلوگرم در هکتار اختصاص داشت. در نتیجه، در شرایط بدون تنش ژنوتیپ PI-306974 با مصرف 100 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد گلرنگ و تحت شرایط تنش خشکی کشت ژنوتیپ سینا با کاربرد 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن به همراه ازتوباکتر می‌تواند در منطقه آزمایش به کار روند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ تعداد غوزه در بوته؛ کلروفیل؛ عملکرد دانه

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