کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی پتاسیمی و نیتروژنی بر عملکرد و ورس برنج (.Oryza sativa L) در رژیم های آبیاری

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 15، 4 (60) زمستان، بهمن 1400، صفحه 493-514   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jcep.2022.689802

نویسندگان

زهرا ربیعی¹؛ ناصر محمدیان روشن^{* 2}؛ سید مصطفی صادقی³؛ ابراهیم امیری⁴؛ حمیدرضا دورودیان²

¹دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

²استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

³دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

⁴استاد گروه مهندسی آب، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

اثر کودهای شیمیایی پتاسیمی و نیتروژنی بر عملکرد و ویژگی­ های وابسته به خوابیدگی برنج رقم گیلانه در رژیم­ های مختلف آبیاری، طی یک آزمایش مزرعه ­ای به ­صـورت کرت­ های دوبار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به­ مدت دو سال 1396 و 1397 در رشت بررسی شد. عامل­ های آزمایشی شامل مدیریت آب در دو سطح غرقاب دایم و فاصله آبیاری 10 روز یک­بار به­ عنوان عامل اصلی، کود نیتروژنی در سه سطح صفر، 60 و 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­ عنوان عامل فرعی و کود پتاسیمی در سه سطح صفر، 80 و 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار به­ عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 3713 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تیمار غرقاب، کاربرد 120 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنی و 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود پتاسیمی و کمترین عملکرد در دور آبیاری 10 روز و عدم مصرف دو نوع کود پتاسیمی و نیتروژنه معادل 634 کیلوگرم در هکتار را به ­دست داد. دور آبیاری 10 روز سبب کم ­شدن 40 درصدی گشتاور خمش میانگره 4 شد. با افزایش سطح کود پتاسیمی شاخص خوابیدگی میانگره 4 کاهش نشان داد که این اثر با افزایش محتوای سلولز به ­میزان 60 درصد در این میانگره بود. در همه سطوح کود نیتروژنه، افزایش مصرف کود پتاسیمی سبب کاهش شاخص خوابیدگی در میانگره­ های 3 و 4 گردید. دور آبیاری 10 روز، ارتفاع، گشتاور خمش میانگره، سلولز و همی­ سلولز و عملکرد را کاهش و شاخص خوابیدگی را افزایش داد اما در هر دو رژیم آبیاری با افزایش سطوح دو نوع کود اثر معکوس روی صفات فوق داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

برنج؛ پتاسیم؛ سلولز؛ خوابیدگی بوته؛ عملکرد

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