اثر پلیمر سوپرجاذب و بافت خاک بر واکنش های فیزیولوژیک ذرت (Zea mays L) تحت تنش کم‌آبی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 16، 1 (61) بهار، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 43-60   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2022.1933322.1811

نویسندگان

علیرضا معینی¹؛ علی نشاط^{* 1}؛ نجمه یزدانپناه¹؛ امین پسندی پور²

¹دانشکده فنی – مهندسی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران

²دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

نقش پلیمر سوپرجاذب در کاهش اثر تنش کم­آبی در خاک­های شنی و لومی رسی، اثر پنج سطح پلیمر سوپر جاذب (صفر، 0.1، 0.2، 0.4 و 0.8  گرم در کیلوگرم خاک)، سه تیمار آبیاری (محتوای رطوبت نسبی خاک شامل 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک) و دو نوع بافت خاک (شنی و لومی رسی) بر روی تولید زیست توده، رنگدانه­ های فتوسنتزی، میزان تبادل گاز برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، نشت الکترولیت، مقدار پرولین، فعالیت کاتالاز، فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز به­ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم ­آبی باعث کاهش قابل توجه میزان فتوسنتز خالص، هدایت روزنه ­ای برگ، کلروفیلa₊b ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، ارتفاع بوته و تولید ماده خشک ذرت شد. فعالیت آنزیم­ های کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز، نشت الکترولیت و مقدار پرولین با افزایش سطح تنش کم ­آبی به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت. استفاده از پلیمر سوپرجاذب تحت تنش کم­آبی 40 درصد موجب افزایش فتوسنتز خالص (32.3 درصد)، هدایت روزنه ­ای (38 درصد)، کلروفیلa₊b  (23.9 درصد)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (11.9 درصد) و تولید ماده خشک (24 درصد) و کاهش نشت الکترولیت (10.8 درصد)، مقدار پرولین (66.9 درصد)، فعالیت کاتالاز (42.7 درصد)، فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (33.2 درصد) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (34.3 درصد) در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد آن گردید. در مجموع می­ توان گفت که کاربرد پلیمر سوپر جاذب به میزان 0.8 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک از طریق افزایش ظرفیت نگهداری آب در خاک باعث بهبود رشد و نمو گیاه ذرت در شرایط تنش کم ­آبی می ­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ سرعت فتوسنتز خالص؛ فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی؛ ماده خشک؛ محتوای رطوبت نسبی

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