بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی اوره و ‌اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی Physalis alkekengi L.

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 37، خرداد 1401، صفحه 99-113   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2022.1944263.1662

نویسندگان

علی پزشکی¹؛ حسن نورافکن^{* 2}؛ مهدی اورعی³؛ ناصر محب علی پور³؛ اسد اسدی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

²استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

³استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

⁴استادیار، گروه دامپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد میانه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میانه، ایران

چکیده

گیاه دارویی عروسک پشت­پرده (Physalis alkekengi L.)، متعلق به تیره Solanacae است که به­طور گسترده در طب سنتی از میوه آن برای درمان بیمارهایی نظیر سنگ کلیه و مجاری ادراری، نقرس و هپاتیت استفاده می­شود. از آنجایی که استفاده از محرک­های زیستی در کشاورزی می­تواند در ارتقـای کمـی و کیفـی مـواد موثره گیاهان دارویی و بهبود عملکرد آنها موثر باشد، در این تحقیق اثر محلول­پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و اوره بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی این گیاه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه در سال 1398 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. محلول­پاشی­ ‏اسید سالیسیلیک (001/0، 0025/0، 005/0 و 01/0 میلی‏مولار) و اوره (25/0 ،5/0، 1 و 2 درصد) در سه مرحله با فاصله 10 روز یکبار در سه تکرار اعمال گردید. عصاره گیری اواسط شهریور ماه همزمان با برداشت به روش خیساندن انجام شد و میزان ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی در اندام هوایی با استفاده از دستگاه HPLC تعیین گردید. بر طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر تیمار محلول‌پاشی بر روی همه صفات مورفولوژیکی اندام هوایی (به جز عرض برگ)، صفات مورفولوژیکی ریشه و همچنین صفات عملکردی معنی­دار بود. افزایش غلظت اوره و ‏اسید سالیسیلیک در بیشتر صفات اندازه گیری شده اثر مثبتی نشان داد و بیشترین افزایش در صفات مذکور عمدتا مربوط به کاربرد غلظت‏های اوره 1 و 2 درصد و اسید سالیسیلیک‏ 01/0 میلی مولار بود. استفاده از غلظت‏های اوره 1 درصد و اسید سالیسیلیک‏ 01/0 میلی مولار در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد موجب افزایش تعداد میوه (به ترتیب 8/76 و 6/64 درصد)، قطر میوه (به‌ترتیب 3/17 و 7/25 درصد)، طول میوه (به‌ترتیب 07/15 و 4/33 درصد)، وزن تر اندام‏هوایی (به‌ترتیب 9/29 و 4/56 درصد) و وزن خشک اندام‏هوایی (به‌ترتیب 4/28 و 4/61 درصد) شد. به علاوه با افزایش غلظت اسید سالیسیلیک‌ میزان ترکیبات لوتئولین، کوئرستین، کامفرول، اسید فرولیک و اسید کلوروژنیک در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید فرولیک؛ ریزوم؛ عروسک پشت‌پرده؛ لوتئولین؛ میوه؛ وزن خشک

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