Effect of Soil and Water on Tilted, Zig-Zag Patterned Platanus orientalis L. Trees in Tehran

Journal of Ornamental Plants

دوره 12، شماره 1، خرداد 2022، صفحه 81-90   

نوع مقاله: Case Study

نویسندگان

Reza Mastouri^{* 1}؛ Nozar Nozary²؛ Seyyed Mohammad Mirhosseini¹

¹Assist. Prof., Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

²Phd. Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

چکیده

Various theories have been proposed about the tilted, zig-zag patterned Platanus orientalis L. trees in the center of Tehran. The increasing number of these trees has led to this study to determine the soil characteristics and distance parameters associated with this species. This research employs recent data from Tehran’s District 11 Municipality. The District 11 Municipal Green Space Center is located in Razi Park, where the soil parameters were measured. We measured 170 tilted trees and examined more than 40 traffic signs in District 11 Municipality of Tehran. This study modeled one tree with various conditions of saturated soil using 2D Plaxis software to understand the influence of different factors on tilted Platanus orientalis L. and explain the mechanistic relationships that create the zig-zag growth pattern. In this research we realized in a creative way that the soil moisture and the distance of trees from each other are two effective reasons that trees and traffic signs tilt and sunlight and wind are not important in this pattern. The main cause of tilting zig-zag patterned in Tehran urban trees is the soil layer settlement and specific distance from each other which can occur to any kinds of trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Settlement؛ Tilting؛ Urban trees؛ Water pipe burst؛ Zig-zag patterned

مراجع

Chakeri, H. and Ünver, B. 2014. A new equation for estimating the maximum surface settlement above tunnels excavated in soft ground. Environment Earth Science, 71: 3195–3210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2707-2

Coutts, M.P. 1983. Development of the structural root system of Sitka spruce. Forestry, 56: 1–16.

Coutts, M.P. 1986. Components of tree stability in Sitka spruce on peaty grey soil. Forestry, 59: 173–197.

Dupuy, L., Fourcaud, T., Lac, P. and Stokes, A. 2003. Modelling the influence of morphological and mechanical properties on the anchorage of root systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference Wind Effects on Trees, September: pp. 16–18.

Garrido, F., San Martín, R. and Lario, F. 2015. Root structure and biomass partitioning in tilted plants from twisted- and straight-stemmed populations of Pinus pinaster Ait. Trees, 29: 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1154-y

Maikhuri, R.K., Phondani, P.C., Rawat, L.S., Jha, N.K., Maletha, A., Bahuguna, Y.M. and Kandari, L.S. 2017. Conservation and management strategies of medicinal plant resources through action research approaches in Indian Himalaya. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 41 (3): 771-777.

Pourhashemi, M., Esmaeilpour, K. and Heidari, M. 2012. The assessment of hazardous oriental plane (Platanus orientalis Linn.) trees in Valiasr street of Tehran. Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 4 (3): 265–275.

Keller, T., Lamandé, M., Peth, S., Berli, M., Delenne, J.Y., Baumgarten, W., Rabbel, W., Radjai, F., Rajchenbach, J., Selvadurai, A.P.S. and Or, D. 2013. An interdisciplinary approach towards improved understanding of soil deformation during compaction. Soil and Tillage Research, 128: 61-80.

Tanikawa, T., Ikeno, H., Todo, C., Yamase, K., Ohashi, M., Okamoto, T., Mizoguchi, T., Nakao, K., Kaneko, S., Torii, A. and Inagaki, Y. 2021. A quantitative evaluation of soil mass held by tree roots. Trees, 35 (2): 527-541.

Wang, X., Wang, X., Sun, X., Graeme, P. and Abdur, R. 2020. Effect of pavement and water deficit on biomass allocation and whole-tree transpiration in two contrasting urban tree species. Urban Ecosystem, 23: 893–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00953-z

Zhang, X., Knappett, J.A., Leung, A.K., Ciantia, M.O., Liang, T. and Danjon, F. 2020. Small-scale modelling of root-soil interaction of trees under lateral loads. Plant and Soil, 456 (1): 289-305.