Geochemistry and potential of toxic elements in sediments originating from salt domes, north of Hormuz strait (Pol, Gachin, Angouran and Hormuz)

Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences

مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 54-65   

نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ijes.2022.1937411.1640

نویسندگان

Tooba Jalali Nezhad؛ Hamid Reza Masoumi^* ؛ Mohammadsadegh Dehghanian؛ Jamal Tarrah

Department of Geology, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran

چکیده

This study investigates the concentration, potential of toxicity, and source rocks of seven toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Ni) in the sediments of four salt domes on the north of Hormuz Strait (Hormuz, Pol, Gachin and Angouran). In this regard, to determine the origin of toxic elements in the sediments of salt dome waterways, field studies, sediment sampling, and mass spectrometry elemental analysis were performed. Moreover, the enrichment factor and index of geo-accumulation were calculated. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was also performed to determine the carriers and adsorbents of the elements. The results showed that sediments of the study area have the potential for toxicity of As, Cd, and Pb. In contrast, the contingence ‎intoxication by Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni is minimal in the sediments around the salt domes of the Hormuz strait area. Based on the concentration of elements in the sediments, determined their probable source rocks. The minerals of the sulfate salts, Fe-oxides/sulfides, and volcanic rocks of the Hormuz Series are the major sources of As and Pb, and mafic/ultramafic minerals of the volcanic rocks are sources of Cu, Zn, and Ni. Neogene carbonate rocks are also a source of cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Enrichment Factor؛ Geo-accumulation index؛ Hormuz strait؛ Salt dome sediments؛ Toxic elements

مراجع

1. Al-Mur BA, Quicksall AN, Al-Ansari AM (2017) Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in coastal core sediments from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Oceanologia 59:262-270.
2. Ashraf A, Saion E, Gharibshahi E, Yap CK, Kamari H M, Elias MS, Rahman SA (2018) Distribution of heavy metals in Core marine sediments of coastal East Malaysia by instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 132:222-231.
3. Ashraf MA, Hayati Hussin N, Gharibreza M (2017) Studies on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using immobilized Typha angustata L, Razi Publishing 1:11-14.
4. Ashraf MA, Sarfaraz M, Rizwana N, Gharibreza M (2015) Environmental Impacts of Metallic Elements, Singapore, Springer 434.
5. Barbieri M (2016) The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to Evaluate Soil Contamination. Journal of Geology & Geophysics. 5:1
6. Butterman WC, Plachy J (2002) Mineral commodity profiles Cadmium, U.S. Department of the interior, U. S. Geological Survey 25.
7. da Silva Júnior JB, Matanó Abreu I, de Oliveira DAF, Hadlich GM, de Albergaria Barbosa ACR (2020) Combining geochemical and chemometric tools to assess the environmental impact of potentially toxic elements in surface sediment samples from an urban river. Marine Pollution Bulletin 155: 111146.
8. Dadolahi Sohrab A, Nazarizadeh Dehkordi M (2012) Heavy Metals Contamination in Sediments from the North of the Strait of Hormuz, Journal of the Persian Gulf 11:39-46.
9. Davoodi H, Gharibreza M, Negarestan H, Mortazavi M. Lak R (2017) Ecological risk assessment of the Assaluyeh and Bassatin estuaries (northern Persian Gulf) using sediment quality indices Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 192:17-28,
10. de Mora S, Sheikholeslami M, Wyse E, Azemard S, Cassi R (2004) An assessment of metal contamination in coastal sediments of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin.  48 (1–2): 61-77.
11. Dehbandi R, Abbasnejad A, Karimi Z, Herath I, Bundschuh J (2019) Hydrogeochemical controls on arsenic mobility in an arid inland basin, Southeast of Iran: The role of alkaline conditions and saltwater intrusion, Environmental Pollution 249:910-922.
12. Dehghan AN, Yazdi A (2023) A Geomechanical Investigation for Optimizing the Ultimate Slope Design of Shadan Open Pit Mine, Iran, Indian Geotechnical Journal: 1-15.
13. Du Bray EA, (1995) Preliminary compilation of descriptive geoenvironmental mineral deposit models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95–831: 272 pp.
14. Edgell HS (1996) Salt tectonism in the Persian Gulf basin. Salt tectonics. Ecological society special publication 100: 129-151.
15. Faramarzi NS, Amini S, Schmitt AK, Hassanzadeh J, Borg G, McKeegan K, Razavi SM, Mortazavi SM. (2015) Geochronology and geochemistry of rhyolites from Hormuz Island, southern Iran: A new record of Cadomian arc magmatism in the Hormuz Formation. Lithos 236: 203-211.
16. Farsad F, Karbassi A, Monavari SM (2011) Development of a New Pollution Index for heavy metals in sediments. Biological trace element research. 143(3):1828-1842.
17. Feng H, Jiang H, Gao W, Weinstein MP, Zhang Q, et al. (2011) Metal contamination in sediments of the western Bohai Bay and adjacent estuaries, China. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 1185-1197.
18. Fortescue J A C (1992) Landscape geochemistry: retrospect and prospect. Applied Geochemistry 7(1): 1-53.
19. Gharibreza M, Ashraf MA (2014) Applied Limnology. Tokyo, Heidelborg, New York, Dordrecht, London. Springer. 199.
20. Gharibreza M, Masoumi H (2021) Geochemistry and ecological risk assessment of the coastal Tajan River using sediment quality indices (Southern Caspian Sea, Iran). Marine Pollution Bulletin 173: 113-154.   
21. Gharibreza M, Masoumi H, Jafari Gorzin B, Rahimzadeh H, Asgharipour Dashtbozorg N (2020) Assessing the quality of surface sediments in the Tajan River and determining the level of environmental pollution. Environmental Water Engineering 6(4): 485–500.
22. Han Y, Liu Y, Li W (2020) Mineralogy of Nickel and Cobalt Minerals in Xiarihamu Nickel-Cobalt Deposit, East Kunlun Orogen, China. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10(8): 597469.
23. Harikrishnan N, Ravisankar R, Chandrasekaran A, Gandhi MS, Kanagasabapathy KV, Prasad MVR, Satapathy KK (2017) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in marine sediments of the east coast of Tamil Nadu affected by different pollution sources. Marine pollution bulletin 121(1-2): 418-424.
24. Hoang HG, Lin C, Tran HT, Chiang CF, Bui XT, Cheruiyot NK, Lee CW (2020) Heavy metal contamination trends in surface water and sediments of a river in a highly-industrialized region. Environmental Technology and Innovation 20: 101043.
25. Jackson MPA, Talbot CJ (1991) A glossary of salt tectonics. Geological Circular: 91-4. The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology: 44.
26. Janadeleh H, Jahangiri S (2016) Risk Assessment and Heavy Metal Contamination in Fish (Otolithes ruber) and Sediments in the Persian Gulf.  International Journal of Community Health Research 5(3):169-181.
27. Jehangir Khan M, Ghazi S, Mehmood M, Yazdi A, Naseem AA, Serwar U, Zaheer A, Ullah H (2021) Sedimentological and provenance analysis of the Cretaceous Moro formation Rakhi Gorge, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan, Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences 13 (4): 252-266.
28. Kądziałko HM, Delura K, Bylina P, Jeleńska M, Kruczyk J (2008) Mineralogy and magnetism of Fe-Cr spinel series minerals from podiform chromitites and dunites from Tapadla (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) and their relationship to palaeomagnetic results of the dunites, Geophysical Journal International 175 (3): 885–900.
29. Kingston HM, Jassie LB (1998) Introduction to Microwave Sample Preparation Theory and Practice. ACS Professional Reference Book Series. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
30. Kwon HK, Jeon JY, Oh SJ (2017) Potential for heavy metal (copper and zinc) removal from contaminated marine sediments using microalgae and light-emitting diodes. Ocean Science Journal 52(1): 57-66.
31. Levinson AA (1980) Introduction to exploration geochemistry, 2nd ed.: Applied Publishing Ltd., Wilmette, Ill. 924.
32. Liang J, Liu J, Xu G, Chen B (2019) Distribution and transport of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Zhejiang nearshore area, East China Sea: sedimentary environmental effects. Marine pollution bulletin 146: 542-551.
33. Little S H, Vance D, McManus J, Severmann S, Lyons T W (2017) Copper isotope signatures in modern marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 212: 253-273.
34. Loring DL, Naes K, Dahle S, Matishov GG, Illind D (1995) Arsenic, trace metals, and organic micro contaminants in sediments from the Pechora Sea, Russia. Marine Geology 128: 152-167.
35. Muller, G (1979). Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des rheins –Veranderungen seit. Umschau, 79, 778–783.
36. Nasir S, Al-Saad H, Sadooni F (2003) Chronostratigraphy and geochemical characterization of volcanic rocks from the Hormuz complex: constraints from the Halul Island, the State of Qatar. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Paleontologie Abhandlung 230: 49–66.
37. Nowrouzi M, Pourkhabbaz A (2014) Application of geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran, Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 26(2):  99-105.
38. Nyström E, Thomas H, Wanhainen C, Alakangas L (2021) Occurrence and Release of Trace Elements in Pyrite-Rich Waste Rock. Minerals 11: 495.
39. Pavlović P, Marković M, Kostić O, Sakan S, Đorđević D, Perović V, Pavlović D, Pavlović M, Čakmak D, Jarić S, Paunović M, Mitrović M (2019) Evaluation of potentially toxic element contamination in the riparian zone of the River Sava. Catena 174: 399-412.
40. Rickwood PC (1983) Crustal abundance, distribution, and crystal chemistry of the elements; in Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry. GJS. Govett, Editor. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam 347-387.
41. Romano E, Bergamin L, Magno M C, Pierfranceschi G, Ausili A (2018) Temporal changes of metal and trace element contamination in marine sediments due to a steel plant: The case study of Bagnoli (Naples, Italy). Applied Geochemistry 88: 85-94.
42. Rudnick RL. Gao S (2014) Composition of the Continental Crust, in Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), H.D. Holland and K.K. Turekian, Editors. Elsevier: Oxford: 1-51.
43. Rumble J (2021) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 102nd Edition. CRC Press. Retrieved: 14-17.
44. Smith KS, Huyck HO (1999) An Overview of the Abundance, Relative Mobility, Bioavailability, and Human Toxicity of Metals. In G.S. Plumlee and M.J. Logsdon (Eds.), The Environmental Chemistry of Mineral Deposits, Reviews in Economic Geology 6: 29-70.
45. Sundaray SK, Nayak BB, Lin S, Bhatta D (2011) Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments- A case study: Mahanadi basin, India. Journal of Hazardous Materials: 186 (2–3): 1837-1846.
46. Sutherland RA, Tolosa CA (2000) Multielement analysis of road-deposited sediment in an urban drainage basin, Honolulu, Hawaii. Environmental. Pollution 110: 483-495.
47. Talbot CJ, Alavi M (1996) The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros. In: Alsop, G.I., Blundell DJ, Davison I (Eds.), Salt Tectonics. Geological Society London Special Publication 100: 89–110.
48. Tanjung RHR, Hamuna B, Yonas MN (2019) Assessing heavy metal contamination in marine sediments around the coastal waters of Mimika Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Ecological Engineering 20: 11.
49. Taylor S R, McLennan S M (1995) The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics 33: 241–265.
50. Taylor SR (1964) Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 28(8): 1273-1285.
51. Vignaroli C, Pasquaroli S, Citterio B, Di Cesare A, Mangiaterra G, Fattorini D, Biavasco F (2018) Antibiotic and heavy metal resistance in enterococci from coastal marine sediment. Environmental Pollution 237: 406-413.
52. Wernimont GT, Spendley W (1985) Use of Statistics to Develop and Evaluate Analytical Methods, in AOAC International Arlington, VA.
53. Yazdi A, Arian MA, Tabari MMR (2014) Geological and geotourism study of Iran geology natural museum, Hormoz Island, Open Journal of Ecology 4: 703-714.
54. Zahra A, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Ahmed Z (2014) Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah Feeding tributary of the Rawal Lake Reservoir, Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment 470: 925-933.