Potential impact of drought on Mikkes River flow (Morocco)

Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences

مقاله 3، دوره 15، شماره 1، فروردین 2023، صفحه 21-33   

نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ijes.2022.1943387.1668

نویسندگان

Kaltoum Belhassan^{* 1}؛ Ashok Vaseashta^{2، 3}؛ Mohammed Abdelbaset Hessane⁴؛ Hafizullah Rasouli⁵؛ Mohammed KA Kaabar⁶؛ Emad Kamil Hussein⁷؛ Muhammad Adnan⁸

¹Independent researcher in Water Environment, Dewsbury WF13 4QP, West Yorkshire, UK

²International Clean Water Institute, Manassas, VA USA

³Riga Technical University, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga, Latvia

⁴Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Immouzer Road, BP: 2626, Fez 30000, Morocco

⁵Department of Geology, Geoscience Faculty, Kabul University, Jamal Mina 1006, Kabul, Afghanistan

⁶Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA, USA

⁷Mussaib Technical College, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Mussaib P.O. Box 51006, Mussaib, Babil, Iraq

⁸Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan

چکیده

Mikkes River Basin is located in the north-center of the Kingdom of Morocco (North-West of Africa). It comprises of three different zones which represent diversified geologies and which shelter a phreatic and confined aquifer in Saïs plain and a shallow aquifer in El Hajeb Ifrane Tabular. This research aims to highlight the potential impact of drought on Mikkes River flow through climate indexes including rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration during the period 1968-2009. Monitoring the evolution of rainfall, temperatures and evapotranspiration in the Mikkes basin during the period 1968-2009 shows that rainfall decreases, temperature and evapotranspiration increase from South to North of the basin (spatial drought). Also, these climatic indicators highlight a decrease in rainfall, increase in temperatures and evapotranspiration after 1980 (temporal drought). Flow deficit of Mikkes River between the period 1968-1979 and 1980-2009 is around 76%. This high River flow may due to the drought which the region has experienced since 1980 and also to the overexploitation of groundwater resources to satisfy water demands. The Mikkes basin is suffering severe depletion of groundwater piezometric levels, especially in the confined aquifer.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Mikkes River؛ Morocco؛ Drought؛ Rainfall؛ Temperature؛ Flow؛ Piezometric level

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