اثربخشی آموزش گروهی مبتنی بر نظریۀ عقلانی، هیجانی، رفتاری بر خشم و حساسیت به طرد

روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی

دوره 19، شماره 73، مهر 1401، صفحه 105-118   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

صبا فکور^{* 1}؛ مهدیه رحمانیان²؛ مهناز علی اکبری دهکردی³

¹کارشناس ارشد روان شناسی عمومی دانشگاه پیام نور

²استادیار گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور

³استاد گروه روان شناسی دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

هـدف ایـن پژوهـش تعییـن اثربخشـی آمـوزش گروهـی مبتنـی بـر نظریـۀ عقلانـی، هیجانـی، رفتـاری بـر کاهـش خشـم و حساسـیت بـه طـرد بـود. روش ایـن پژوهـش شـبه‌تجربی بـا طـرح پیش‌آزمـون، پس‌آزمـون بـا گـروه گـواه و دورۀ پیگیـری یک‌ماهـه و جامعـۀ آمـاری ایـن پژوهـش زنـان شـاغل شـهر تهـران بـود. 30 نفـر بـه شـکل داوطلـب انتخـاب و پرسشـنامۀ حساسـیت بـه طـرد (داونـی و فلدمـن، 1996) و فرم‌کوتـاه سـیاهۀ خشـم (نواکـو، 1975) را تکمیـل کردنـد. بـرای تحلیـل داده‌هـا از تحلیـل کوواریانـس و تحلیـل واریانـس بـا اندازه‌گیری‌هـای مکـرر اسـتفاده شـد. یافته‌هـا حاکـی از آن بـود کـه آمـوزش گروهـی مبتنـی بـر نظریـۀ عقلانـی، هیجانـی، رفتـاری بهطـور قابل‌ملاحظـه‌ای حساسـیت بـه طـرد و خشـم را در گـروه آزمایـش کاهـش داده و ایـن اثـر در مرحلـۀ پیگیـری نیـز ثابـت باقـی مانـده اسـت. بـا توجـه بـه یافته‌هـای پژوهـش می‌تـوان دریافـت ایـن آمـوزش می‌توان بـرای زنـان بـا مشـکلات حساسـیت بـه طـرد بـالا و خشـم سـودمند باشـد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش گروهی؛ نظریۀ عقلانی- هیجانی- رفتاری؛ خشم؛ حساسیت به طرد

مراجع

Ahmadi, E. (2018). The effectiveness of compassion fo- cused group therapy on sociotropy and sensitivity to rejection in high school. M.A. Dissertation, Depart- mant of Psychology-University of Chamran-Ahvaz. [In Persian].

Abdul Jalil, N. I., & Mahfar, M. (2016). The validity and reliability of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy Module development for university support staff. Asian Social Science, 12(2), 1-9.

Aliakbari Dehkordi, M., Salehi, Sh., & Rezaei, A. (2014). The comparison of the relationship between irrational beliefs and defense styles among cardiac patients and ordinary people. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychol- ogy, 6(6), 18-32. [In Persian].

Albion, M. (2000). Making a life, making a living: Re- claiming your purpose and passion in business and in life. New York: Warner Business Books.

Ando, M., Natsume, T., Kukihara, H., Shibata, H., & Ito, S. (2011). Efficacy of mindfulness based meditation therapy on the sense of coherence and mental health of nurses. Health, 3(2), 118-122.

Ayduk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M. (2000). Regulating the interpersonal self: Strategic self-regulation for cop- ing with rejection sensitivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,79(5),776-792.

Bondü, R., & Krahé, B. (2015). Links of justice and rejec

tion sensitivity with aggression in childhood and ado- lescence. Aggressive Behavior, 41(4), 353-368.

Bornstein, R. F. (1992). The dependent personality: Devel- opmental, social, and clinical perspectives. Psychologi- cal Bulletin, 112(1), 3-23.

Butler, J. C., Doherty, M. S., & Potter, R. M. (2007). Social antecedents and consequences of interpersonal rejec- tion sensitivity. Personality and Individual Differ- ences, 43(6), 1376-1385.

Conger, J. C., Conger, A. J., Edmondson, C., Tescher, B., & Smolin, J. (2003). The relationship of anger and social skills to psychological symptoms. Assessment, .248-258 ,)3(10

Craddock, M. (2004). The authentic career: Following the path of self-discovery to professional fulfillment. Nova- to, CA: New World Library.

Denckla, C. A., Consedine, N. S., & Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Self-compassion mediates the link between dependen- cy and depressive symptomatology in college students. Self and Identity, 16(4), 373-383.

Dryden, W. (2007). Dryden’s handbook of individual ther- apy. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Dryden, W., DiGiuseppe, R., & Neenan, M. (2010). A primer on rational emotive behavior therapy. IL: Research Press.

Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of re- jection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1327-1343.

Edelstein, M. R. (2020). 5 Misunderstandings about REBT shedding light on major confusions. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psycholo- gytoday.com

Ellis, A. (1986). Anger: How to live with and without it. Citadel: English Language edition.

Ellis, A. (1988). How to stubbornly refuse to make yourself miserable about anything. U.S.: Citadel Press Inc.

Ellis, R. D. (2008). In what sense is “Rationality” a criteri- on for emotional self-awareness?. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(3), 972-973.

Elmy Manesh, N. (2017). The effectiveness of Ellis ration- al emotive behavioral education therapy (REBT) on the health of the experts working in Iran Khodro Die

sel company. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 5(6), 359-366. [In Persian].

Esmkhani Akbarinezhad, H. Etemadi, A., & Nasirnezhad, F. (2015). The effectiveness of rational-emotive be- havioral group therapy in psychological well-being of women. Clinical Psychology Studies, 15(4), 25-42. [In Persian].

Feinstein, B. A., Goldfried, M. R., & Davila, J. (2012). The relationship between experiences of discrimination and mental health among lesbians and gay men: An exam- ination of internalized homonegativity and rejection sensitivity as potential mechanisms. Journal of Con- sulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(5), 917-927.

Fistikci, N., Keyvan, A., Gorgulu, Y., Senyuva, G., Erten, E., & Sungur, M. Z. (2015). Sociotropic personality traits positively correlate with the severity of so- cial anxiety. South African Journal of Psychiatry, .54-56 ,)2(21

Flanagan, R., Allen, K., & Henry, D. J. (2010). The impact of anger management treatment and rational emotive behavior therapy in a public school setting on social skills, anger management, and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 28, .99–87

Friedman, H. S., & Booth-Kewley, S. (1987). The dis- ease-prone personality: A meta analytic view of the construct. American Psychologist, 42(6), 539-555.

Fryer, D. ( 2020). Love songs are nuts with Valentine’s day, just around the corner, it might help to remember this. Psychology Today. Retrieved July 12, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com

Ghasemi Monsef, S., & Manavipour, D. (2021). The role of attachment anxiety and avoidance in theory of mind and autobiographical memory. Journal of Develop- mental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(67), 271-280. [In Persian].

Ghobadi, A. (2017). The effect of group training based on rational-emotional-behavioral theory (REBT) on reducing anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and nega- tive orientation to the problem in students of Ferdowsi University. M.A. Dissertation, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [In Persian].

Gonzalez, J. E., Nelson, J. R., Gutkin, T. B., Saunders, A., Gallowa, A., & Shwery. C. S. (2004). Rational emo

tive therapy with children and adolescents: A meta analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disor- ders, 12(4), 222-235.

Harburg, E., Julius, M., Kaciroti, N., Gleiberman, L., & Schork, A. M. (2003). Expressive/suppressive anger‐ coping responses, gender, and types of mortality: A 17‐year follow‐up (Tecumseh, Michigan, 1971‐1988). Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 588-597.

Harper, M. S., Dickson, J. W., & Welsh, D. P. (2006). Self-silencing and rejection sensitivity in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Youth and Adoles- cence, 35(3), 435-443.

Hojjati, F. (2016). Statistical society and statistical sample. Retrieved March 9, 2021 from: http://toptahlil.com

Kelliher, J. L. (2013). Personality, rejection sensitivity and perceptions of social support adequacy as predictors of college students’depressive symptoms. Doctoral Dis- sertation, Western Carolina University.

Khoshkam, S., Bahrami, F., Rahmatollahi, F., & Najarpou- rian, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of rejection sensitivity questionnaire in students. Psychological Re- search, 17(1), 24-44. [In Persian].

Lancer, D. (2020). How to recover from rejection and breakups:Science reveals we’re wired to feel pain with rejection. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com

Leider, R. J., & Shapiro, D. A. (2001). Whistle while you work: Heeding your life’s calling. San Francisco: Ber- rett-Koehler.

Malekpour, M., Zangeneh, S., & Aghababaei, S. (2012). A study of the psychometric properties of Novaco Anger Questionnaire (short form) in Isfahan City. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Science, 1(2), 1-8. [In Persian].

Milevsky, A., Schlechter. M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in ado- lescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression and life-satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, .39-47 ,)1(16

Moldovan, R. (2009). An analysis of the impact of irration- al beliefs and illness representation in predicting dis- tress in cancer and type ii diabetes patients. Cognition, Brain, Behavior : An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(2), 179-193.

Moradifard, R., Seydi, M.S., & Zeinali, F. (2020). Family emotional involvements and the quality of adolescents’ relationship with peers: the mediating role of the quali- ty of parent-child interactions. Journal of Developmen- tal Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 17(65), 27-38. [In Persian].

Narimani, M., Bagiyankoulemarz, M. J., & Mehdinejad Moghadam, B.(2015). The comparison of unlogicul believes and self-skilfullness and psychological best lining in patients who are affected to migraine and healthy person. Quarterly Journal of Health Psy- chology, 4(13), 7-20. [In Persian].

Nemko, M. (2020). Anger management tips: Self-help ideas for the anger-prone and for people who interact with them. Psychology Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologytoday.com

Novaco, R.W. (2002). Handbook of offender assessment and treatment. London: Wiley.

Novaco, R. W., & Jarvis, K. L. (2002). Brief cognitive behavioral intervention for anger. Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 77-100. UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ogbuanya, T. C., Eseadi, C., Orji, C.T., Anyanwu, J. I., Ede, M. O., & Bakare, J. (2018). Effect of rational emotive behavior therapy on negative career thoughts of students in technical colleges in Nigeria. Psycholog- ical Reports, 121(2), 356-374.

Omidian, M. (2011). Investigation of the effectiveness of anger control group training with rational, behavioral and emotional approach on reducing the aggression of male prisoners of shahrekord’s central jail. M.A. Dis- sertation, Payam Noor University, Tehran Center, Fac- ulty of Liberal Arts. [In Persian].

Omrani, B. (2021). The effectiveness of group training based on rational, emotive, behavioral theory (REBT) on promoting the self-esteem and reducing the occu- pational burnout in married working men. M.A. Dis- sertation, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Faculty of Liberal Arts. [In Persian].

Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Starks, T. J. (2014). The influence of structural stigma and rejec- tion sensitivity on young sexual minority men’s daily tobacco and alcohol use. Social Science & Medicine, 67-75 ,103.

Park, L. E. (2007). Appearance-based rejection sensitivity: Implications for mental and physical health, affect, and motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulle- tin, 33(4), 490-504.

Park, L. E., Calogero, R. M., Harwin, M. J., & DiRaddo, A. M. (2009). Predicting interest in cosmetic surgery: Interactive effects of appearance-based rejection sensi- tivity and negative appearance comments. Body Image, .186-193 ,)3(6

Payab, F. (2011). Investigating the effectiveness of group training on reducing domestic violence in married male students of Islamic Azad University of Gachsa- ran. M.A. Dissertation, Islamic Azad University, Mar- vdasht Branch, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology. [In Persian].

Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2014). So- cial class and academic achievement in college: The interplay of rejection sensitivity and entity beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(1), .101-121

Rosner, R. (2011). Albert Ellis ‘rational-emotive behavior therapy. Adolescent Psychiatry, 1(1), 82-87.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L., (2001). On happiness and hu- man potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, .141-166 ,)1(52

Samenow,S.E. (2021). Reducing anger through cognitive change: An alternative to anger management. Psychol- ogy Today. Retrieved June 13, 2021 from: https://www. psychologytoday.com

Sava, F., Yates, B., Lupu, V., Szentagotai, A., & David, D. (2009). Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of cognitive therapy, rational-emotive-behavior therapy, and fluoxe- tine (Prozac) in treating depression: A randomized clin- ical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 36-52.

Shahkaram, H. Lotfinia, S. Mojahed, A. Farhangian. E & Madadjoo, Y. (2020). The rational emotive behavioral group therapy for depression and anger of patients with multiple sclerosis. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medi- cine, 2, 770-774.

Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002). Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart dis- ease: current status and implications for research and practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psy- chology, 70(3), 548-568.

Stroud, L.R., Salovey, P., Epel, E.S, (2002), Sex differences in stress responses: Social rejection versus achievement stress. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 52(4), 318-327.

Suls, J., Wan, C. K., & Costa, P. T. (1995). Relationship of trait anger to resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 14(5), 444-456.

Thomas, S. P., Groer, M., Davis, M., Droppleman, P., Moz- ingo, J., & Pierce, M. (2000). Anger and cancer: an analysis of the linkages. Cancer Nursing, 23(5), .344-349

Travers, M. (2019). Where does rejection sensitivity come from? A new study explores possible developmental sources of rejection sensitivity. Psychology Today. Re- trieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www.psychologyto- day.com

Turner, T., & Barker, J. B. (2012). Examining the effica- cy of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on irrational beliefs and anxiety in elite youth cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(1),131-147.

Wang, Y. L., & Wu, C. (2021) . Personality can be changed at work: Why and how? Our personalities can change more than once thought and our jobs can help. Psychol- ogy Today. Retrieved June 23, 2021 from: https://www. psychologytoday.com

Zandi, A. (2019). The effectiveness of training based on rational, emotive, behavioral therapy on procrastina- tion and academic burnout of students. M.A. Disser- tation, Kharazmi University, International Campus. [In Persian].

Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J.,Trevaskis, S., Nesdale, D., & Downey, G. A. (2014). Relational victimization, lone- liness and depressive symptoms: Indirect associations via self and peer reports of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(4), 568-582.