اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های زراعی و کیفیت دانه ژنوتیپ‌های برنج (.Oryza sativa L)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

دوره 17، 1 (65) بهار، اردیبهشت 1402، صفحه 15-34   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/JCEP.2023.1926035.1785

نویسندگان

معصومه حبیبی¹؛ پوریا مظلوم²؛ مرتضی نصیری^{* 3}؛ علی افتخاری²؛ مرتضی مبلغی²

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران

²استادیارگروه زراعت، واحدچالوس، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، چالوس، ایران

³استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج، معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

چکیده

وقوع کم ­آبی یا تنش خشکی در طی رشد گیاه افزون بر کاهش عملکرد، کاهش کیفیت فیزیکی و پخت دانه برنج را نیز به ­همراه دارد. از این رو، پژوهش حاضر جهت ارزیابی رژیم­ های آبیاری بر عملکرد و صفات کیفی 10 ژنوتیپ برنج در مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (معاونت مازنداران-آمل) در سال زراعی 1396 اجرا شد. آزمایش به ­صورت کرت­ های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی با عامل اصلی شامل روش­ های آبیاری در سه سطح غرقابی (Flood Irrigation)، روش تر و خشک شدن تناوبی با سطح ایستایی 10 (AWD10) و 20 (AWD20) سانتی­ متری زیر سطح خاک و‍ عامل فرعی شامل 10 ژنوتیپ برنج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای مختلف آبیاری فقط بر طول دانه قبل از پخت، دانه خرد، محتوی آمیلوز و دمای ژلاتینه شدن از نظر آماری معنی­ دار بود. در میان ژنوتیپ ­ها، ندا با میانگین 6901/7 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت با میانگین 44/2 درصد، راندمان تبدیل با میانگین 72/3 درصد و درصد دانه سالم را با میانگین 65/3 درصد بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین درجه تبدیل (90 درصد)، طول دانه بعد از پخت (13/2 میلی­متر)، نسبت طویل شدن (دو میلی ­متر) و دمای ژلاتینی (5/6) به­ ترتیب به ژنوتیپ­ های وندانا،IR74428-153-2-3 ، فیروزان وIR70416-53-2-2  تعلق داشت. به طورکلی، با توجه به اینکه صفات مهم کمی و کیفی ژنوتیپ ­ها در تیمار­های رژیم آبی تفاوتی با روش غرقابی نداشت، در نتیجه ژنوتیپ ­های مورد مطالعه جهت کاشت در مناطقی با کمبود آب آبیاری قابل توصیه می ­باشد. لازم به ذکر است که ژنوتیپ ندا به ­دلیل افزایش چند صفت مهم کمی و کیفی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ­ های مورد بررسی ژنوتیپ برتر می­ باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آمیلوز؛ درجه تبدیل؛ دمای ژلاتینی؛ کم‌آبیاری

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