The Effect of Carvacrol on IL-1β and Nitric Oxide Levels on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Renal Injury in Male Rats

Journal of Chemical Health Risks

دوره 14، شماره 1، خرداد 2024، صفحه 151-158   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jchr.2023.1933792.1341

نویسندگان

Alireza Mortazavi¹؛ Mahmoud Hosseini^{2، 3}؛ Farimah Beheshti^{4، 5}؛ Zahra Hakimi^{6، 7}؛ Gholam Hassan Vaezi¹؛ Hossain Mohammad Pour Kargar^{* 1، 8}

¹Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

²Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

³Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mash had, Iran

⁴Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

⁵Department of Physiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

⁶Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan

⁷Faculty of Medicine, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan

⁸Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran

چکیده

Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid compound that has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is derived from the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for acute kidney injury. In this research, the protective effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury was studied. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used. Animals were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: 1) control, 2) LPS group, 3) LPS+carvacrol (25 mg kg^-1), 4) LPS+carvacrol (50 mg kg^-1) and 5) LPS+carvacrol (100 mg kg^-1). To induce acute renal injury, daily 1 mg kg^-1 LPS for 2 weeks was injected intraperitoneally. Carvacrol was administered intraperitoneally daily for 30 minutes before LPS injection. LPS-induced kidney injury was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and nitric oxide levels in kidney tissue by spectrophotometric methods. The level of the interleukin 1 beta was detected by ELISA in the kidney. Our results showed that LPS injection increased BUN, creatinine, nitric oxide, and IL-1β levels (P <0.001). Pretreatment with carvacrol reduced BUN at 25 mg kg^-1 (P <0.001), 50 mg kg^-1 (P <0.01), and 100 mg kg^-1 (P <0.001) doses, nitric oxide at 25 mg kg^-1 (P <0.05), 50 mg kg^-1(P <0.01) and 100 mg kg^-1(P <0.001) doses, and IL-1β levels (P <0.001) at all doses significantly but did not affect serum creatinine. These results indicate that carvacrol has an anti-inflammatory effect and protects kidneys against LPS by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and nitric oxide.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Lipopolysaccharide؛ Carvacrol؛ Kidney؛ Inflammation

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