Proximate analysis of animal feed from organic waste and effect on changes in body weight Gallus domesticus

International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture

مقاله 14، دوره 12، شماره 4، اسفند 2023، صفحه 655-666   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/ijrowa.2023.1951215.1411

نویسنده

Muhammad Rijal^*

Department of Biology Education, Ambon State Islamic Institute, Maluku, Indonesia

چکیده

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find that solid waste from sago, tofu, and rice could be made into animal feed with high nutritional content as evidenced by increasing body weight of Gallus domesticus.
Method: This research is a quantitative research using laboratory and field experimental methods to examine the proximate feed and the reaction of experimental animals during feeding. The proximate profile of feed was determined using indicators (protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, vitamin B-12, carotene/vitamin A content, ash content, and water content), and the experimental animals’ response to feeding was determined using time indicators. The reaction of experimental animals to feed was determined using a stopwatch, as shown by the amount of time spent feeding.
Results: The results showed that each type of feed had a different proximate profile, with the highest levels of protein, fat, ash, and water found in animal feed made from tofu waste; levels of calcium, vitamin B-12, and vitamin A content are found in animal feed made from a combination of tofu dregs and sago dregs. The highest carbohydrate content was observed in animal feed made from sago dregs. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there was a difference in body weight gain and FCR of Gallus domesticus after being given feed from organic waste, where the best feed was made from tofu waste.
Conclusion: Each type of organic waste feed has a different proximate profile, where Gallus domesticus responds very well to all feeds, and has an effect on chicken body weight.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Feed nutrition؛ Sago؛ Soybean؛ Rice؛ Growth

مراجع

Adejumo OI, Adetunji OC, Ogundipe K, Osademe NS (2016) Chemical composition and amino acid profile of differently processed feather meal. J Agric Sci 61(3):237-246. https://doi.org/10.2298/JAS1603237A

Adeni ASD, Aziz AS, Bujang K, Hassan AM (2010) Bioconversion of sago residue into value added products. African J Biotechnol 9(14):2016-2021

Ahmed K, Shaheen M, Mirzaei F, Khan IZ, Gondal S, Fardous A, Hussain A, Arshad F, Mehmood T (2013) Proximate analysis: Relative feed values of various forage plants for ruminants from semi-arid region of Punjab, Pakistan. Agric Sci 4(6):302-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.46043

Akpabio DU, Ikpe EE (2013) Proximate composition and nutrient analysis of Aneilema aequinoctialeleaves. Asian J Plant Sci Resour 3(2):55-61

Amaha K, Sasaki Y, Segawa T (2016) Treatment and utilization of industrial tofu waste Indonesia. Asian J Chem 28(3):501-507. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.19372

Arwinsyah A, Tafsin M, Yunilas Y (2018) Effect of bio activator use on corn cobs as a complete feed on performance and digestibility of local sheep. IOP Conf. Series: Eart  Environ Sci 260

Ch'ng YH, Ahmed HO, Kassim S, Majid AMN (2014) Recycling of sago (Metroxylon sagu) bagasse with chicken manure slurry through co-composting. J Agric Sci Technol 16: 1441-1454

Choe J, Moyo MK, Park K, Jeong J, Kim H, Ryu Y, Kim J, Kim MJ, Lee S, Go WG (2017) meat quality traits of pigs finished on food waste. Korean J Food Sci Animal Res 37(5): 690–697. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.690

Febrianti F, Syamsu K, Rahayuningsih M (2017) Bioethanol production from tofu waste by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using microbial consortium. Int J Technol 5: 898-908. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i5.872

Goodman AB (2020) Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: A review. J Bioresour  Bioproducts 5(3):143-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.001

Irwansyah I, Junaidi J (2019) Effect of adding feed fermentation of sago pulp on the palatability of the peranakan etawa. Chalaza J Animal Husbandry 4(1):24-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v4i1.934

Kaewkhao J, Limsuwan P (2012) Utilization of rice husk fly ash in the color glass production. Proc Eng 32: 670 – 675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1325

Khan NNN, Jamil M, Karim RM, Zain MFM, Kaish AMBA (2015) Utilization of rice husk ash for sustainable construction: A review. Resour J Appl Sci Eng Technol 9(12): 1119-1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.9.2606

Kim SM, Lee YD (2010) Fermentative hydrogen production from tofu-processing waste and anaerobic digester sludge using microbial consortium. Bioresour Technol 101(1): Supp: S48-S52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.040

King LMN, Bedel JF, Bruno SBB, Constant JY, Soumaila D, Patrice LK (2018) Formulating and proximate analysis of new poultry feeds based on corn flour enriched with seed flour and nere pulp (Parkia biglobosa), then snail and fish. IOSR J Pharm Bio Sci (IOSR-JPBS) 13(5):88-97

 Lamma OA (2021) The impact of recycling in preserving the environment. Int J Appl Resour 7(11):297-302. http://www.allresearchjournal.com

Livingston ML, Cowieson AJ, Crespo R, Hoang V, Nogal B, Browning M, Livingston KA (2020) Effect of broiler genetics, age, and gender on performance and blood chemistry. Heliyon 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04400

Minh TL, Tram TXN (2017) Utilization of rice husk ash as partial replacement with cement for production of concrete brick. MATEC Web Conf 97. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179701121

Mwanza BG (2021) Introduction to recycling. Rec Deve Plas Recy pp 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3627-1_1

Nugroho, Fajar SG, Sulistyaningrum, Ravika, Melania, Prastiwa R, Widhi H (2019) Environmental analysis of tofu production in the context of cleaner production: case study of tofu household industries in Salatiga, Indonesia. J Envi Sci Sustain Develop 2(2):12-31. https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v2i2.1021

Olivera MC, Verruck SM, Gontijo MJ, Rodrigo M, Leite S, Carlos J, Petrus C (2016) Utilization of tofu whey concentrate by nanofiltration process aimed at obtaining a functional fermented lactic beverage. J Food Eng 171:222-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.034

Osman SN, Ayuna I, Khamil M, Sapawe N (2019) Proximate analysis of animal feed pellet formulated from sunflower shell waste. Materialstoday: Proceedings 19(4):1796-1802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.218

Popoola OJ, Egwari OL, Bilewu Y, Omonigbehin E, Ogunlana OO, Daramola F (2019) Proximate analysis and SDS-PAGE protein profiling of cassava leaves: utilization as leafy vegetable in Nigeria. Eco Environ Sci 4(1):1‒5. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2019.04.00125

Rasyid HY, Kusumawaty Y, Hadi S (2020) The utilization of sago waste: Prospect and challenges. IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci 415. http://doi:10.1088/1755-1315/415/1/012023

Schneider HB, Lucas LH, Pavlech MH, Cipolloni AM (1951) Estimation of the digestibility of feeds from their proximate composition. J Animal Sci 10(3):706–713. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1951.103706x

Silva VS, Filho DCA, Freitas LS, Brondani IL, Restle J, Junior RLA, Teixeira OS, Borchate D (2014) Sources of carbohydrates in the ingestive behavior of feedlot steers. R Bras Zootec 43(5):273-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982014000500008

Sugiura K, Yamatari S, Watahari M, Onodera T (2009) Ecofee, animal feed produced from recycled food waste. Vet Italiana 45(3):397-404. https://www.izs.it/vet_italiana/2009/45_3/397_ita.htm

Tasie MM, Gebreyes GB (2020) Characterization of nutritional, antinutritiona, and mineral contents of thirty-five sorghum varieties grown in Ethiopia. Hindawi Int J F Sci 20(20): 11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8243617

Tian Y, Kumabe K, Matsumoto K,Takeuch H, Xie Y, Hasegawa T (2012)Hydrolysis behavior of tofu waste in hot compressed wter. Biom Bioe 39:112-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.12.031

Tiro WMB, Being AP, Baliadi Y (2018) The utilization of sago waste as cattle feed. IOP Conf Series: Eart Environ Sci 119. http://do.org/10.1088/1755-1315/119/1/012038

Truong L, Morash D, Liu Y, King A (2019) Food waste in animal feed with a focus on use for broilers. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agric 8:417–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-0276-4

Ubawa TS, Abah J, Oshido AB, Otokpa E (2014) Studies on urea treated rice milling waste and its application as animal feed. African J Pure App Chem 8(2):23-31.http://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2013.0532

Westendorf LM, Gordon RWE (1996) Feeding food or table waste to livestock. Pro Animal Sci 12(3):129-137. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)32509-2

Witariadi NM, Wibawa AAPP, Wirawan IW (2016) Utilization of fermented tofu dregs with probiotic inoculants in rations on broiler performance. Animal Sci Magag 19(3):917. https://doi.org/10.24843/MIP.2016.v19.i03.p06

Zotte DA, Gleeson E, Franco D, Cullere M, Lorenzo MJ (2020) Proximate composition, amino acid profile, and oxidative stability of slow-growing indigenous chickens compared with commercial broiler chickens. Foods 9:546. http://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050546