مقایسه تاثیرآموزش مفاهیم ذهن خوانی و درمان پاسخ محور بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان با اختلال طیف اوتیسم

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

دوره 24، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 91، خرداد 1402، صفحه 38-52   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsrp.2022.1933811.3054

نویسندگان

مریم افلاکی ناصری¹؛ محمدرضا زربخش بحری^{* 2}؛ شهنام ابوالقاسمی²؛ طاهر تیزدست³

¹دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.

³استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش درمان پاسخ محور و درمان ذهن­خوانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان طیف اوتیسم انجام شد. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون – پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه، کودکان  اوتستیک شهر لاهیجان بودند. نمونه تحقیق شامل 45 نفر از کودکان 6 تا 13 سال مبتلا به اوتیسم بودند که به شیوه تصادفی ساده از جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری داده­ها پرسشنامه کارکردهای اجرایی بریف(Gioia, 2000)  بود که توسط والدین تکمیل شد. پس از اجرای پیش آزمون، کودکان اوتیسم به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه (دو گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل) 15 نفره جایگزین شدند. سپس گروه آموزش مفاهیم ذهن خوانی به مدت 10 جلسه و گروه درمان پاسخ محور به مدت 7 جلسه تحت آموزش انفرادی قرار گرفتند. پس از اتمام مداخلات، پس آزمون به عمل آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد درمان پاسخ محور و درمان ذهن خوانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان اوتیسم موثر است و درمان ذهن خوانی نسبت به آموزش درمان پاسخ محور در میزان مولفه­های کارکردهای اجرایی  اثربخشی بیشتری دارد (01/0> P). نتیجه آزمون ال اس دی نشان می­دهد بین اثربخشی درمان ذهن خوانی و پاسخ محور بر تنظیم رفتار(01/0>P) و نیز فراشناخت (01/0>P) کودکان تفاوت آماری معنی داری وجود دارد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد نمرات گروه­های مداخله در مقایسه با گروه کنترل در مقیاس کارکردها­ی اجرایی  تغییرات معنی داری داشت. کارکردهای اجرایی پس از انجام مداخلات افزایش یافته و این افزایش در گروه ذهن­خوانی بیشتر بوده است. استفاده از این دوروش به درمانگران، روانشناسان و مربیانی که در راستای آموزش به کودکان اوتستیک فعالیت می­کنند پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

درمان پاسخ محور؛ درمان ذهن خوانی؛ کارکردهای اجرایی؛ کودکان؛ اوتیسم

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