عملکرد گیاه پوششی فرانکنیا (Frankenia thymifolia) و تأثیر آن بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی بسترهای کشت بازیافتی در چهار فصل مختلف در سیستم‏های دیوار سبز خارجی

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 18، شماره 69، فروردین 1402، صفحه 1-25   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2022.1960747.1808

نویسندگان

منصوره جوزای¹؛ فاطمه کاظمی^{* 2}؛ امیر فتوت³

¹دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

²دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ادیت کوان، پرت، استرالیا،

³گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه یکپارچه‎سازی طبیعت و ساختمان‎ها در قالب پشت‎بامها و دیوارهای سبز به عنوان یک راهبرد پایدار در شهرها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اما مطالعات روی بسترهای کشت ضایعاتی با جنبه ارگانیک که در این سیستم‎ها امکان استقرار به گیاهان بدهد، ناچیز است و دستیابی به دیوار سبز خارجی پایدار، هنوز یک چالش است. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی پایداری گیاه پوششی فرانکنیا (Frankenia thymifolia) در چهار ترکیب بستر کشت (30 درصد کوکوپیت+ 65 درصد پرلیت+ 5 درصد ورمی‏کمپوست، 30 درصد خاکبرگ+ 65 درصد پرلیت+ 5 درصد ورمی‎کمپوست، 30 درصد کمپوست قارچ+ 65 درصد پرلیت+ 5 درصد ورمی‏کمپوست و خاک معمول مورد استفاده در فضای سبز به عنوان شاهد) در شرایط کشت در دیوار سبز خارجی بود. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کا‎مل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی فصول مختلف سال در چهار سطح و فاکتور دوم، بسترهای کشت در چهار سطح بود. همچنین آزمایش ویژگی‏های بسترهای کشت در انتهای پژوهش در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه فرانکنیا و صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی بسترهای کشت در سطح احتمال %1 معنی‏دار شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات سطح برگ، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، کلروفیل a، b و کل، کاروتنویید و تمامی صفات مربوط به ریشه در بسترهای حاوی مواد آلی بیشتر از خاک معمول بود. همچنین صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی مرغوب‏تر (وزن مخصوص ظاهری پایین‏تر، تخلخل بیشتر، خاکستر کمتر، حجم هوای بیشتر و اسیدیته بیشتر)، در بسترهای کشت آلی بیشتر از بستر خاک معمولی بود. نتایج این پژوهش، استفاده از کمپوست قارچ شسته شده به همراه پرلیت و ورمی‏کمپوست، به جای بسترهای وارداتی رایج دیوار سبز را تایید می کند. همچنین، استفاده از گیاه فرانکنیا در شرایط آب و هوایی مشابه شهر مشهد در چهار فصل سال در دیوارهای سبز خارجی پیشنهاد می‎شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسیدیته بستر؛ پسماند کشاورزی؛ توسعه شهری؛ دیوار سبز؛ کشاورزی پایدار

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