Effect of harvest time and height on seed quality and enzyme activity in onion (Allium cepa L.) seeds

Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology

دوره 13، شماره 3، آبان 2023، صفحه 4609-4616   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ijpp.2020.575561.1097

نویسندگان

Roghayyeh Sheykhbaglou^{* 1}؛ Mohammad Sedghi^{* 2}؛ Samad Mobasser³

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

²Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IranUniversity of Mohaghegh Ardabili

³Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

چکیده

Seed development and vigor may be influenced by harvest time and height of harvest in onion seeds.Thus,an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different harvest times and height of harvest in enzymatic activity and biochemical changes of seeds in two growth seasons(2014-2015) at Research Farm of the Seed and Plant Institute,Karaj,Iran.The experimental design was a factorial in a randomized complete block with three replications. Four times of harvest (T1(moisture content:60%), T2(moisture content:50%), T3(moisture content:39%), and T4(moisture content:11%)) and four harvest height (0,10,20and30cm bottom of inflorescence) were randomized to the plots. Seeds were harvested in 10 days intervals at four stages during development and maturity. The results showed in both of studied years the maximum catalase(1.847 OD/mg protein min-1) and peroxidase activity(3.852 OD/mg protein min-1) and also the minimum MDA content(0.068 nm g FW) were achieved in 3rd harvest time and 20cm height of harvest. In agreement with the achieved result about enzymatic activity, the maximum 1000seed weigh (4.440g) was observed in the second year and third harvest with 20cm height of harvest. Maximum seed vigor as measured by the electrical conductivity of seed leachate(58.70 μs/cm/g) was obtained at second harvest time with 20cm height of harvest. In this study, earlier harvests due to immaturity and later harvests because of aging reduced seed vigor of onion. The best treatment for achieving suitable seeds was third harvest time and 20cm height of harvest.Also, biochemical traits were helpful in determining the suitable time of harvesting in onion seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Catalase؛ Harvest time؛ Onion؛ Peroxidase؛ Vigor

مراجع

Angelovici, R., G. Galili, A.R. Fernie and A. Fait. 2010. Seed desiccation: a bridge between maturation and germintion. Trends in Plant Science 15(4): 211-218.

Bailly, C. 2004. Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology. Seed science research, 14, (2) 93-107.

 Bailly, C., R. Bogatek-Leszczynska, D. Côme and F. Corbineau. 2002. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipoxygenase during growth of sunflower seedlings from seeds of different vigour. Seed Science Research, 12, (1) 47-55.

Bewley, J. D., K. Bradford and H. Hilhorst. 2012. Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy. Springer Science & Business Media

Demirkaya, M. 2013. Relationships between antioxidant enzymes and physiological variations occur during ageing of pepper seeds. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 54, 97-102.

Demirkaya, M. and H. Sivritepe. 2011. Physiological and biochemical changes occur in onion seeds during ageing. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, (2) 105-112.

Eskandari, H. 2012. Seed quality changes in cowpea (Vigna sinensis) during seed development and maturation. Seed Science and Technology, 40, (1) 108-112.

Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and A. Hosseinzadeh-Mahootchy. 2009. Changes in seed vigour of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars during development and maturity. Seed Science and Technology, 37, (3) 713-720.

Ghassemi-Golezani, K., M. Mohammadi and S. Zehtab-Salmasi. 2016. Changes in seed vigor of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars during maturity in response to water limitation. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 107, (1) 15–23-15–23.

Goel, A., A. K. Goel and I. S. Sheoran. 2003. Changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial ageing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160, (9) 1093-1100.

Kaewnaree, P., S. Vichitphan, P. Klanrit, B. Siri and K. Vichitphan. 2011. Effect of accelerated aging process on seed quality and biochemical changes in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) seeds. Biotechnology, 10, (2) 175-182.

Kapilan, R. 2015. Accelerated aging declines the germination characteristics of the maize seeds. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences, 3, (8) 708-711.

Kavak, S., H. İlbi, B. Eser, A. A. Powell and S. Matthews. 2012. Effects of seed moisture content and threshing methods on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed quality. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7, (1) 51-57.

Lehner, A., N. Mamadou, P. Poels, D. Come, C. Bailly and F. Corbineau. 2008. Changes in soluble carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the embryo during ageing in wheat grains. Journal of Cereal Science, 47, (3) 555-565.

Mansouri-Far, C., M. Goodarzian-Ghahfarokhi, M. Saeidi and M. Abdoli. 2015. Antioxidant enzyme activity and germination characteristics of different maize hybrid seeds during ageing. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 13, (4) 177-182.

Mcdonald, M. B. 2004. Orthodox seed deterioration and its repair. Handbook of Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture, Benech-Arnold, RL and RA Sanchez (Eds) Food Products Press, New York, 273-304.

Murthy, U. N., P. P. Kumar and W. Q. Sun. 2003. Mechanisms of seed ageing under different storage conditions for Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: lipid peroxidation, sugar hydrolysis, Maillard reactions and their relationship to glass state transition. Journal of Experimental botany, 54, (384) 1057-1067.

Oliveira, G. E., R. G. V. Pinho, T. D. Andrade, É. V. D. R. V. Pinho, C. D. D. Santos and A. D. Veiga. 2013. Physiological quality and amylase enzyme expression in maize seeds. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37, 40-48.

Oliver, C., P. Starke-Reed, E. Stadtman, G. Liu, J. Carney and R. Floyd. 1990. Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87, (13) 5144-5147.

Patrick, J. W. and C. E. Offler. 2001. Compartmentation of transport and transfer events in developing seeds. Journal of experimental botany, 52, (356) 551-564.

Pukacka, S. and E. Ratajczak. 2005. Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in Fagus sylvatica seeds during storage at varied temperature and humidity. Journal of plant physiology, 162, (8) 873-885.

Ramya, M., H. Yogeesha, K. Bhanuprakash and R. V. Gowda. 2012. Physiological and biochemical changes during seed development and maturation in onion (Allium cepa L.). Vegetable Science, 39, (2) 157-160.

Rao, R., P. Singh and M. Rai. 2006. Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour. Scientia Horticulturae, 110, (1) 1-6.

Silva, M. I. L., E. L. Voigt, L. C. Grangeiro, E. E. Cunha, C. E. Costa De Macedo and S. B. Torres. 2015. Determination of harvest maturity in'Capsicum baccatum'L. seeds using physiological and biochemical markers. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 9, (11) 1010-1015.

Solberg, S. Ø., F. Yndgaard, C. Andreasen, R. Von Bothmer, I. G. Loskutov and Å. Asdal. 2020. Long-term storage and longevity of orthodox seeds: A systematic review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 1007.

Vidigal, D. D. S., D. C. F. D. S. Dias, L. a. D. S. Dias and F. L. Finger. 2011. Changes in seed quality during fruit maturation of sweet pepper. Scientia Agricola, 68, 535-539.

Xiangyue, Z., C. Runzheng, F. Jiarui and Z. Xuewu. 1998. The effects of water content during storage on physiological activity of cucumber seeds. Seed Science Research (United Kingdom),

 Zamani, A., S. Nouri, R. T. Afshari, H. I. Nezhad, G. A. Akbari and A. Tavakoli. 2010. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity under natural and accelerated aging in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 41, (3) 545-554.