روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر توسعة آینده‌پژوهی در آموزش عالی ایران: مطالعة کیفی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 2، دوره 15، شماره 56، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 16-29   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2018.539722

نویسندگان

مهدی کشاورزی^{* 1}؛ محمد حسین یارمحمدیان²؛ محمد علی نادی خوراسگانی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.

²استاد، مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت و اقتصاد سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

³دانشیار، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از وظایف دانشگاه‌ها، توانمندسازی دانشجویان در عرصه‌های مختلف از جمله شناخت آینده یا آینده‌پژوهی است. رشد توانایی آینده‌پژوهی دانشجویان می‌تواند از طریق آموزش در طی سال‌های تحصیل بهبود یابد؛ بنابراین می‌توان ادعا نمود که یکی از متغیرهای مهم که می‌تواند بر رشد توانایی آینده‌پژوهی دانشجویان تأثیرگذار باشد، کیفیت روش‌های تدریس و یادگیری آنان است. هدف این پژوهش طراحی روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر توسعه آینده‌پژوهی در آموزش عالی بود که با شیوه پژوهشی کیفی و با استفاده از راهبرد مبتنی بر نظریه داده بنیاد انجام شد. در این راستا با استفاده از رویکرد هدفمند و به‌کارگیری معیار اشباع نظری، مصاحبه‌هایی نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 14 نفر از اساتید صاحب‌نظران حوزه برنامه درسی و آینده‌پژوهی در دانشگاه‌های استان فارس انجام شد، برای به دست آوردن اعتبار و روایی داده‌ها از دو روش بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان و مرور خبرگان غیر شرکت‌کننده در پژوهش استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها در طی سه مرحله، کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری نظری و کدگذاری انتخابی با کمک نرم‌افزار MAXQDA₁₂ به مفاهیم مجزا تفکیک شدند و 16 مقولة کلی به دست آمد. این مقاله یافته‌های مطالعه را در چارچوب مدل پارادایمی شامل: شرایط علی (4 مقوله)، پدیده محوری (آینده‌پژوهی به‌عنوان یک رویکرد کلی در تدریس)، راهبردها (3 مقوله)، زمینه (4 مقوله)، شرایط مداخله‌گر (2 مقوله) و پیامدها (2 مقوله) تحلیل کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش عالی؛ آینده‌پژوهی؛ برنامه درسی؛ روش تدریس

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