بررسی مقایسه ای نظریات ورویکردهای برنامه درسی زیست محیطی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 2، دوره 13، شماره 48، اردیبهشت 1395، صفحه 14-29   

نویسندگان

محبوبه سلیمان پور عمران^{* 1}؛ محمد حسین یارمحمدیان²؛ نرگس کشتی آرای³

¹استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران

²2استاد مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت و اقتصاد سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

³3استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحــد خوراسگــان (اصفهان)، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

با گسترش بحران‌های محیط زیست، آموزش زیست محیطی به بخش جدایی ناپذیری از نظام‌های آموزشی تبدیل شده است. از آنجا که اساس مسائل زیست محیطی از نظر ماهیتی، میان رشته‌ای، فرابخشی و کل نگر است، لذا از منظر تئوریک، با رویکردهای متفاوتی می‌توان به آن نگریست و در پی آن، آموزش‌های  مربوط به آن را می‌توان از دیدگاه و رویکردهای متفاوتی بررسی نمود. از این رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و بررسی دیدگا‌ه‌ها و رویکردهای زیست محیطی و آگاهی از اندیشه‌های آموزش و برنامه درسی محیط زیست و مقایسه آنها با یکدیگر و دستیابی به یک دسته بندی کلی در این زمینه بوده است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است که با مرور منابع موجود در این زمینه انجام پذیرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد نوع نگرش به مسایل زیست محیطی، آموزش‌های متفاوتی را سبب می‌شود و در یک دسته بندی کلی، رویکردهای زیست محیطی در دو دسته انسان مدارانه و محیط مدارانه و رویکردهای برنامه درسی در دو دسته فنی و سخت و غیرفنی و نرم قرار می‌گیرند و در این طبقه بندی، رویکردهای آموزش زیست محیطی را می‌توان در گروه رویکردهای غیرتکنیکی، انعطاف پذیر و انسان‌گرای برنامه درسی مورد بررسی قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش زیست محیطی؛ برنامه درسی؛ رویکردهای زیست محیطی؛ نظریات آموزش زیست محیطی

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