بازنمایی چالش‎های آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی ایران: مطالعه‌ای با روش پدیدار شناسی

فصلنامه فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در علوم تربیتی

مقاله 6، دوره 7، 2 (پیاپی 26)، بهمن 1395، صفحه 123-148   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مهدی قربانخانی¹؛ کیوان صالحی^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

²استادیار گروه روش‌ها و برنامه‌های درسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

آموزش مجازی، فرصتی بی‌‌بدیل برای رویارویی با محدودیت‌‌های آموزش حضوری، تحقق آرمان آموزش برای همه و زمینه‌‌سازی برای توسعه پایدار و متوازن در کشور است. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تحلیل ادراک و تجربه‌ زیسته دانشجویان و استادان دانشگاه از چالش‌های آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی انجام شده ‌است. بدین‌ منظور با بهره‌گیری از روش کیفی و با رویکرد‌ پدیدارشناسی به شناسایی و بازنمایی پدیده مورد بررسی پرداخته شد. داده‌‌ها با استفاده از نمونه‌‌گیری هدف‌مند و مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختار ‌یافته با بیست نفر از دانشجویان و مدرسان دوره‌‌های مجازی دانشگاه تهران گردآوری شد و به روش کلایزی تحلیل‌گردید. در شانزدهمین مصاحبه، اشباع نظری داده‌‎ها حاصل‌ شد. اما، به ‌منظور اعتباربخشی یافته‌‌ها، مصاحبه‌ها تا بیستمین نفر ادامه یافت. تحلیل داده‌‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌‌ها، منجر به شناسایی 5 مقوله اصلی گردید که شامل چالش‌های «مربوط به دانشگاه»، «مربوط به استاد»، «مربوط به دانشجو»، «مربوط به سامانه» و «مربوط به کلاس» است. یافته‌‌ها نشان‌ داد که آموزش‌‌های مجازی در نظام آموزش عالی با چالش‌های متنوع و متفاوتی مواجه هستند و تا رسیدن به شرایط بهینه، فاصله دوچندانی داشته و بهبود کیفیت آن، مستلزم نگاه جدی متولیان و دوری از طرز تلقی آموزش درجه دوم به این قبیل آموزش‌ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش مجازی؛ پدیدارشناسی؛ چالش‎ها؛ فرآیند یاددهی یادگیری

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