Liquid organic fertilizer production for growing vegetables under hydroponic condition

International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture

مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 4، اسفند 2019، صفحه 369-380   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.1007/s40093-019-0257-7

نویسندگان

Thanaporn Phibunwatthanawong¹؛ Nuntavun Riddech^{* 2، 3}

¹Graduation School of Science, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

²Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

³Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

چکیده

Purpose Liquid organic fertilizers produced from agricultural residues and industrial wastes are becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to examine the effect of liquid organic fertilizers produced from waste molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves on the growth of Green Cos Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia).
Methods Six formulas of liquid organic fertilizers were produced with different ratios of substrates (molasses, distillery slop and sugarcane leaves). The measurements of chemical, microbiological and germination index of fertilizers were studied. Hydroponic using nutrient flm technique system was used to grow vegetables with fertilizers.
Results Fertilizers showed the ranges of chemical parameters as follows: pH 4.5–7.8, EC 25–33 dS/m, total N 0.14–0.33%, total P2O5 0.002–0.017%, total K2O 0.81–11.8%, OM 0.26–3.25%, OC 0.26–3.20% and C:N ratio 6.14–17.92. Microbiological analysis indicated total microorganism of 9.99–9.05 logCFU/ml. Nitrogen fixers, phosphate and potassium solubilizing agents were found in all formulas. IAA concentration was 1.13–59.53 mg/l. The fertilizers produced after 30 days of fermentation and used at a dilution of 1:100 gave more than 100% germination index showing non-phytotoxicity characteristics. The results for the hydroponic system showed that liquid fertilizer formula 3 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves: filtrate water 1:0.1:0.25 v:w:v) and formula 5 (distillery slop: sugarcane leaves 1:0.25:0.25 v:w:v) demonstrated the best growth performance, which was similar to plants treated with liquid chemical fertilizer.
Conclusion This study showed that organic liquid fertilizers formulas 3 and 5 had similar growth promotion properties as chemical fertilizers with Green Cos Lettuce. Moreover, our products are organic and serve as a rich nutrient source for the plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Bio- based ؛ Green Cos Lettuce ؛ Sustainable ؛ Agricultural residues ؛ Waste

مراجع

Alexander M (1977) Introduction to soil microbiology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

Anjana SU, Iqbal M (2007) Nitrate accumulation in plants, factors afecting the process and human health implications. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 27(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2006021

Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24:1–15. https://doi. org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1

Atlas RM (2004) Handbook of microbiological media. Florida, Boca Raton Barton CJ (1948) Photometric analysis of phosphate rock. Anal Chem 20(11):1068–1073

Black CA (1965) Method of soil analysis part 2. Agronomy 9. American Society of Agronomy, Wiscosin

Bull CT, Weller DM, Thomashow LS (1991) Relationship between root colonization and supression of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici by Pseudomonas fuorescens strain 2–79. Phytopathology 81:954–959. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-954

Cabrera RI (1998) Evaluating yield and quality of roses with respect to nitrogen fertilization and leaf nitrogen status. In: XXV international horticultural congress, part 1: culture techniques with special emphasis on environmental implications, vol 511, pp 133–142

CCQC (California Compost Quality Council) (2001) Compost Maturity index California Compost Quality Council, Nevada City, California. Pollut Ser A Ecol Biol 30(2):109–123. http://compo stingcouncil.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2-CCQCM aturity-Index.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept 2018

Ells JE, MeSay AE, Workman SM (1991) Toxic efects of manure, alfalfa, and ammonia on emergence and growth of cucumber seedlings. HortScience 26(4):380–383

Freitas JR, Gupta VVSR, Germida JJ (1993) Infuence of Pseudomonas syringae R25 and P. putida R105 on the growth and N2 fxation (acetylene reduction activity) of pea (P. sativum L.) and feld bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Biol Fertil Soils 16:215–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00361411

Gaskins MH, Albrecht SL, Hubbell DH (1985) Rhizosphere bacteria and their use to increase plant productivity: a review. Agric Ecosyst Environ 12:99–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167- 8809(85)90071-4

Gent MP (2003) Solution electrical conductivity and ratio of nitrate to other nutrients afect accumulation of nitrate in hydroponic lettuce. HortScience 38(2):222–227

Glick BR (2003) Three newly isolated plant growth-promoting bacilli facilitate the seedling growth of canola, Brassica campestris. Plant Physiol Biochem 41:277–281

Hadad R, Anderson GR (2004) Analysis of organic fertilizers for use in vegetable transplant production. IOP Publishing Physics Web. http://www.uky.edu/hort/sites/www.uky.edu.hort/fles/ documents/orgfert1.pdf. Accessed 24 June 2016

Hesse PR, Hesse PR (1971) Textbook of soil chemical analysis. William Clowes and Son, London

Hu X, Chen J, Guo J (2006) Two phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria isolated from Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang, China. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:983–990. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11274-006-9144-2

Ikemoto Y, Teraguchi M, Kogayashi Y (2002) Plasma level of nitrate in congenital heart disease: comparison with healthy children. Pediatr Cardiol 23:132–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0024 6-001-0036-9

Ishiwata H, Yamada T, Yoshiike N, Nishijima M, Kawamoto A, Uyama Y (2002) Daily in take of food additives in Japan in fve age groups estimated by the market basket method. Eur Food Res Technol 215:367–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-002-0577-z

Jones JB Jr (2016) Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower. CRC Press Library of Congress, Boca Raton

Kamla N (2007) Roles of fermented bio-extracts on soil microbial processes and crop growth. IOP Publishing KKUWeb http://lib18 .kku.ac.th/dcms/fles//21134/Chapter2.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2017

Kıdoglu F, Gül A, Tüzel Y, Özaktan H (2009) Yield enhancement of hydroponically grown tomatoes by rhizobacteria. Acta Hortic 807:475–480. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.807.68

Kjeldahl J (1883) Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstofs in organischen Körpern. Z Anal Chem 22:366–382. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF01338151

Kloepper JW (1993) Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents. In: Metting FB (ed) Soil microbial ecology applications in agricultural and environmental management. Marcel Dekker, New York

Leblanc H, Cerrato ME, Miranda A, Valle G (2007) Determinación de la calidad de abonos orgánicos a través de bioensayos. Tierra Trop 3(1):97–107 Lee S, Lee J (2015) Benefcial bacteria and fungi in hydroponic systems: types and characteristics of Hydroponic food production methods. Sci Hortic 195:206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scien ta.2015.09.011

Lesing S, Aungoolprasert O (2016) Efcacy of high quality organic fertilizer on growth and yield of Chinese kale. J Sci Technol 24(2):320–332

Lugtenberg B, Kamilova F (2009) Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 63(1):541–556

Lwin KM, Myint MM, Tar T, Aung WZM (2012) Isolation of plant hormone (indole-3-acetic acid-IAA) producing rhizobacteria and study on their efects on maize seedling. Eng J 16(5):137–144

Malaviya P, Sharma A (2011) Impact of distillery on germination behavior of Brassica napus L. J Environ Biol 32(1):91–94

Sardare MD, Admane SV (2013) A review on plant without soilhydroponics. Int J Res Eng Technol 2(3):299–304. https://doi. org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0203013

Mavrogianopoulos G, Vogli V, Kyritsis S (2002) Use of wastewater as a nutrient solution in a closed gravel hydroponic culture of giant reed (Arundo donax). Bioresour Technol 82(2):103–107. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00180-8

Moonrat W (2010) Efciency of fermented bioextract from fsh in stillage on the growth of Amaranthus tricolor, Brassica campestris var. chinensis and Ipomoea aquatica var. reptans. IOP Publishing NewtdcWeb. http://newtdc.thailis.or.th/docview.aspx?tdcid =263570. Accessed 8 Jan 2017

Nasir AM, Khalid S, Anwar C, Arslan MJ, Sultan Akhtar M (2012) Evaluation on bio-fertilizer application to ameliorate the environment and crop production. Pak J Agric Sci 49(4):527–531

National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (2005) Thai Agricultural Standard TAS 9503: Compost (Royal Gazette 122, Section 114D). Bangkok, Thailand

Nelson J (2013) Using organic fertilizers for hydroponic lettuce production. IOP Publishing KrexWeb http://krex.kstate.edu/dspace/ bitstream/handle/2097/15574/JasonNelson2013.pdf?sequence=5. Accessed 10 June 2017

Ortíz-Castro R, Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, LópezBucio J (2009) The role of microbial signals in plant growth and development. Plant Signal Behav 4(8):701–712

Patten C, Glick B (1996) Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Can J Microbiol 42:207–220

Patten C, Glick B (2002) Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:3795–3801

Pizzeghello D, Nicolini G, Nardi S (2001) Hormone-like activity of humic substances in Fagus sylvaticae forest. New Phytol 151:647–657

Ramana S, Biswas AK, Singh AB, Yadava RB (2002) Efect of distillery effluent on seed germination in somevegetable crops. Bioresour Technol 20:5–8.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960 -8524(01)00184-5

Ratneetoo B (2012) Organic fertilizer improves deteriorated soil. Princess Naradhiwas Univ J 4(2):115–127

Romero-Aranda R, Soria T, Cuartero T (2001) Tomato plant–water uptake and plant–water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Sci 160:265–272

Saelee S (2004) Characterization and assessment of commercially available liquid biofertilizers. IOP Publishing KKUWeb. http:// lib18.kku.ac.th/dcms/fles//02508/Abstract.pdf. Accessed 22 May 2017

Sangla L, Suppadit T (2005) The impacts of sugarcane leaf burning and solving methods. Thai J Environ Manag Nida Thail 2:85–102

Saouy M (2002) Efective storage time of bioextracts and their efects on some soil properties. IOP Publishing KKUWeb. http://www. cab.kps.ku.ac.th/db_cab/thisis/reports/01-06-09-000011.pdf. Accessed 22 May 2017

Sarwar M, Arshad M, Martens DA, Frankenberger WT (1992) Tryptophan-dependent biosynthesis of auxins in soil. Plant Soil 147(2):207–215

Satisha GC, Devarajan L (2007) Effect of amendments on windows composting of sugar industry pressmud. Waste Manag 27:1083–1091

Savvas D (2002) Nutrient solution recycling. In: Savvas D, Passam HC (eds) Hydroponic production of vegetables and ornamentals. Embryo Publications, Athens, pp 299–343

Shinohara M, Aoyama C, Fujiwara K, Watanabe A, Ohmori H, Uehara Y, Takano M (2011) Microbial mineralization of organic nitrogen into nitrate to allow the use of organic fertilizer in hydroponics. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 57(2):190–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380 768.2011.554223

Surange S, Wollum AG, Kumar N, Nautiyal CS (1997) Characterization of Rhizobium from root nodules of leguminous trees growing in alkaline soils. Can J Microbiol 43:891–894. https://doi. org/10.1139/m97-130

Sureshkumar R, Mohideen ST, Nethaji N (2013) Heat transfer characteristics of nanofuids in heat pipes: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 20:397–410

Tancho A (2013) Natural agriculture applied concepts in Thailand in 2013. National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok

Tiquia SM, Tam NFY, Hodgkiss IJ (1996) Efects of composting on phytotoxicity of spent pig-manure sawdust litter. Environ Pollut 93(3):249–256

Wiparwin A (2006) The efect of compost and liquid manure on the yield of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. altoglabra). IOP Publishing MJUWeb. http://webpac.library.mju.ac.th:8080/mm/ fulltext/thesis/2550/Aphirak_Wiparwin/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B %A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81 %E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C%20%20%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8% B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E 0%B8%99.pdf. Accessed 1 Sept 2018

Wong MH, Cheung YH, Cheung CL (1983) The efects of ammonia and ethylene oxide in animal manure and sewage sludge on the seed germination and root elongation of Brassica parachinensis. Environ Environ Pollut Ser A Ecol Biol 30(2):109–123

Wong JWC, Mak KF, Chan NW, Lam A, Fang M, Zhou LX, Liao XD (2001) Co-composting of soybean residues and leaves in Hong Kong. Biores Technol 76(2):99–106 Yang SS, Chang HL (1998) Efect of environmental conditions on methane production and emission from paddy soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ 69(1):69–80

Yusran FH (2008) Existing versus added organic matter in relation to phosphorus availability on lateritic soils. J Trop Soils 13:23–34 Zucconi F, Monaco A, Debertoldi M (1981) Biological evaluation of compost maturity. Biocycle 22(4):27–29