ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های کمی و کیفی ارقام محلی برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در نظام‌های کاشت شالیزاری در شمال ایران

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 57، فروردین 1399، صفحه 65-83   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

نادر معینی¹؛ محمدرضا داداشی^{* 1}؛ سلمان دستان²؛ ابولفضل فرجی³

¹گروه زراعت، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.

²پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، پژوهشگر پسادکتری، کرج، ایران.

³استاد پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی نظام‌های کاشت ارقام محلی برنج در مزرعه‌های پژوهشی واقع در شهرستان‌های نکا، ساری و بابل طی سال‌های 1396 و 1397 اجرا شد. آنالیز داده‌ها بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل انجام شد که در آن نظام‌های کاشت پرنهاده، رایج منطقه، در حال گذار به ارگانیک، ارگانیک و کم‌نهاده به‌عنوان عامل اول و ارقام سنگ طارم، طارم محلی و طارم هاشمی برنج به‌عنوان عامل دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میانگین تعداد خوشه برنج در متر مربع در هر دو سال متعلق به نظام کاشت پرنهاده بود. بالاترین شاخص خوابیدگی میانگره چهارم در تیمار نظام کاشت پرنهاده و رایج برای رقم سنگ طارم حاصل گردید. بیشترین عملکرد شلتوک در هر دو سال در نظام‌های کاشت پرنهاده و رایج تولید شد. حداکثر میزان جذب فسفر دانه، شاخص برداشت نیتروژن، شاخص برداشت پتاسیم و قوام ژل در نظام‌های کاشت پرنهاده و رایج بدست آمد. بیشترین کارایی تبدیل دانه در سال اول متعلق به نظام کاشت رایج (83/72 درصد) و در سال دوم متعلق به نظام کاشت در حال گذار به ارگانیک (75 درصد) بود. مقدار دمای ژلاتینه شدن دانه‌های برنج در هر دو سال در نظام کاشت رایج حداکثر و در نظام‌های کاشت کم‌نهاده و ارگانیک حداقل بود. با توجه به یافته‌ها، می‌توان بیان کرد نظام‌های کاشت پرنهاده و رایج منجر به افزایش عملکرد کمی و نظام‌های کاشت در حال گذار و ارگانیک منجر به افزایش جذب عناصر و بهبود صفات مرتبط با پخت دانه ارقام برنج شدند که رقم سنگ طارم نسبت به دو رقم دیگر برتر بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آمیلوز دانه؛ برنج؛ زراعت ارگانیک؛ شاخص خوابیدگی؛ بوم‌نظام شالیزار

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