ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌های برنامه درسی انتقادی هنری ژیرو در مواجهه منطقی با بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

دوره 18، شماره 68، خرداد 1400، صفحه 52-72   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2020.584378.1332

نویسندگان

نجمه احمدابادی ارانی¹؛ حسن نجفی²؛ حمید احمدی هدایت^{* 3}

¹دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، تهران، ایران.

²دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

³استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌های برنامه درسی انتقادی هنری ژیرو از منظر بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی انجام شد. پژوهش از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها، کیفی و از نظر نوع روش تحقیق تحلیلی - اسنادی بود. نمونه پژوهشی در بخش برنامه درسی انتقادی ژیرو، کتب و مقالات منتشرشده ژیرو طی سال‌های 1979 تا 2018 و در بخش مبانی تربیت اسلامی پژوهش‌های اصیل این حوزه بودند که به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و برای تحلیل آن‌ها از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده شد. در این پژوهش مهم‌ترین آراء ژیرو در عناصر اساسی برنامه درسی انتقادی ازجمله اهداف (تربیت شهروند دموکراتیک و رهایی‌بخش، شنیدن و توجه کردن به صداهای دیگر، کنار گذاشتن نخبه‌گرایی و توجه به فرهنگ عمومی، رفع تبعیض نژادی و دفاع از حق مظلومان و گروه‌های مختلف جامعه، ایجاد جامعه دموکراتیک و مساوات خواه و اخلاقی)، محتوا (توجه به شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی، نسبیت معرفت و دانش، اتکا بر ارزش‌های اجتماعی، در نظر داشتن متن‌ها، نهادها و ساختارهای اجتماعی)، روش‌های یاددهی - یادگیری (گفت‌وگومحوری) و ارزشیابی (مشاهده، مصاحبه، گزارش‌دهی، پژوهش، خودارزیابی، شرح‌حال‌نویسی) مورد واکاوی قرار گرفت. با وجود نقاط قوت در برنامه درسی انتقادی ژیرو ازجمله تأکید بر عدالت تربیتی و توجه به گروه‌های حاشیه‌ای؛ اما در این دیدگاه ناسازواری‌ها و چالش‌هایی نیز مشاهده می‌شود که در مبانی فلسفی تربیت اسلامی مورد نقد است. ازجمله این نقدها می‌توان به عدم ابتنای اهداف بر مفروضات متافیزیکی، غفلت از ساحت‌های مختلف تربیت در هدف‌گذاری (تأکید زیاد بر اهداف سیاسی)، نسبیت‌گرایی در محتوا، کثرت‌گرایی افراطی در محتوا (عدم توجه به وحدت‌گرایی)، فروکاهش‌گرایی در ابزارهای شناخت، گفت‌وگومحوری محض در روش‌های یاددهی یادگیری، نادیده انگاری اقتدارگرایی معلم در تدریس، دشواری تفسیر نتایج در ارزشیابی اشاره نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هنری ژیرو؛ برنامه درسی انتقادی؛ بنیادهای فلسفی تربیت اسلامی؛ تطبیق منطقی

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