مطالعۀ الگوها و روش‌های توانمندسازی کودکان دورۀ پیش‌دبستانی، برای مقابله با آسیب‌های اجتماعی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

دوره 18، شماره 68، خرداد 1400، صفحه 142-162   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2021.1893973.1579

نویسندگان

مهشید مهرجو¹؛ محمد نوریان^{* 2}؛ نوذر نخعی³؛ داریوش نوروزی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکترای علوم تربیتی، گرایش برنامه‌ریزی درسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.

²دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی درسی دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.

³استاد دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان متخصص پزشکی اجتماعی، کرمان، ایران.

⁴دانشیار گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضرف بررسی اهمیت، الگوها و روش‌های آموزش و توانمندسازی کودکان پیش‌دبستانی برای مقابله با آسیب‌های اجتماعی بود که با استفاده از رویکرد پژوهش کیفی و روش سنتزپژوهی انجام شده است. حوزۀ پژوهش، مقالات داخلی از سال 1378 تا 1398 شمسی، با کلیدواژه‌های توانمندسازی کودکان، اهمیت آموزش‌های پیش‌دبستانی، آسیب‌های اجتماعی، برنامه درسی پیش‌دبستان، مهارت‌های زندگی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی و مقالات خارجی از سال 1999 تا 2019 میلادی با همان کلیدواژه‌ها، به تعداد 94 منبع را شامل می‌گردد که پس از اعمال غربالگری 71 مورد به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش با استفاده از روش هدفمند انتخاب شدند. نتایج استخراج شده نشان می‌دهد که ضرورت توانمندسازی کودکان برای مقابله با آسیب‌های اجتماعی را می‌توان در 10 طبقه دسته‌بندی نمود: رشد عاطفی و شخصیتی و افزایش سلامت روانی، کاهش اختلالات رفتاری و افزایش سازگاری فردی و اجتماعی، رشد اعتمادبه‌نفس و استقلال فردی، افزایش توانمندی‌ها و خلاقیت‌های فردی، رشد مهارت‌های فردی، ارتباطی و اجتماعی، ضرورت‌های اخلاقی و تربیتی، توسعۀ خود مراقبتی کودکان، رشد مهارت‌های زندگی و روابط اجتماعی و افزایش مشارکت‌پذیری، ضرورت‌های آموزشی و فرهنگی و ضرورت‌های اقتصادی. در خصوص الگوها و روش‌های توانمندسازی فردی و شخصیتی، دو الگوی کلی توسط صاحب‌نظران "افزایش توانمندی فردی و شخصیتی کودکان" و "ارتقای مهارت‌های زندگی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی" پیشنهاد شده است که برای الگوی اول روش‌های "آموزش و تقویت خودآگاهی و شناخت خود، توانمندسازی روان‌شناختی کودکان و آموزش باورها و ارزش‌های دینی" و برای الگوی دوم روش‌های "آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی و آموزش مهارت‌های اجتماعی" مطرح شده است.
درخصوص الگوهاو روش های توانمندسازی فردی وشخصیتی، دوالگوی کلی توسط صاحبنظران" افزایش توانمندی فردی و شخصیتی کودکان" و " ارتقای مهارت های زندگی و مهارت های اجتماعی" پیشنهاد شده است که برای الگوی اول روش های "آموزش و تقویت خودآگاهی و شناخت خود، توانمندسازی روانشناختی کودکان و آموزش باورها و ارزش های دینی" وبرای الگوی دوم روش های "آموزش مهارتهای زندگی وآموزش مهارت های اجتماعی" مطرح شده است

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوها و روش‌های توانمندسازی؛ آسیب‌های اجتماعی؛ برنامه درسی؛ دورۀ پیش‌دبستانی

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