شناسایی روشها و مؤلفه‌های تدریس و تدوین الگوی تفسیری آن بر مبنای تجارب زیستۀ معلمان در کشف استعداد علوم تجربی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

دوره 19، شماره 72، خرداد 1401، صفحه 34-58   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2022.1947690.2060

نویسندگان

محمدرضا نظریان¹؛ علی مهداد^{* 2}؛ احمد عابدی³؛ محمد علی نادی⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان ( خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،

²دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،

³دانشیارگروه روانشناسی،دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان ، ایران،

⁴دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،

چکیده

هدف پژوهش، شناسایی روشها و مؤلفه‌های تدریس و تدوین الگوی تفسیری آن بر مبنای تجارب زیستۀ معلمان در کشف استعداد علوم تجربی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 99-98 بود. روش تحقیق،  کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی و جامعۀ آماری شامل کلیۀ معلمان پایۀ چهارم ابتدایی شهر اصفهان و نمونه شامل 68 نفر بودکه با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تا مرحلۀ اشباع از بین معلمان مجرب، خوش‌ذوق و توانمند در زمینۀ شناسایی و استعدادیابی دانش‌آموزان  و با معرفی ادارات نواحی ششگانۀ آموزش و پرورش انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، مصاحبۀ نیمه ساختاریافته بود. در این روش تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس هفت مرحلۀ کلایزی انجام شد. برای سنجش روایی یافته‌ها، از روایی محتوایی و برای سنجش پایایی، از روش پنل متخصصان استفاده شد؛ بدین روش که از تعداد5 نفر از استادان مجرب و متخصص در حوزۀ استعدادیابی تحصیلی، پس از بررسی کارشناسی، فرایند رفت و برگشتی، بازبینی و انجام اصلاحات ، تأیید نهایی اخذ گردید. اعتباربخشی این الگو با ارجاع به هر نمونه و پرسیدن دربارۀ یافته‌ها انجام شد. به طور کلی نتایجشان داد؛ الگوی تدریس پیشنهادی شامل 4 روش (روشهای فراشناخت، کارگاهی، کاوشگری و آزمایشگاهی) و16مؤلفه (دریافت، پردازش، نگهداری، انتقال اطلاعات، نمونه‌سازی، توصیف، استقرا، قیاس، پژوهش، ارائه،  فعالیت و کار، مشارکت،  طبیعت، تخیل، مشاهده و کنجکاوی)  است. با شناسایی ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های الگوی تدریس ارائه شده، می‌توان معلمان را در ارائۀ روش‌های فعال تدریس متناسب با شیوه‌های شناسایی استعداد دانش‌آموزان، توانمند نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ابتدایی؛ استعداد علوم تجربی؛ الگوی تدریس؛ پدیدارشناسی؛ تجارب زیسته

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