تجربه‌زیسته دانش‌آموزان مدارس خاص از کمال‌گرایی: مطالعه کیفی پدیدارشناسی

فصلنامه آموزش و پرورش متعالی

دوره 1، شماره 3، مهر 1400، صفحه 1-18   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ee.2022.1946210.1046

نویسندگان

سعید وزیری^{* 1}؛ آزاده صادقیان²؛ محمد حسین فلاح³

¹استادیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.

²دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.

³دانشیار، گروه مشاوره، واحد یزد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

شناخت (شخصیت) کمال‌گرا و مشکلات مربوط به آن در بین دانش‌آموزان از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. لذا هدف این پژوهش تدوین برنامه آموزشی مبتنی بر تجارب زیسته دانش‌آموزان کمال‌گرابود.جامعه آماری دانش‌آموزان کمال‌گرا مشغول به تحصیل در مدارس خاص ( مدارس خاص ترکیبی از دانش‌آموزان مدارس تیزهوشان، نمونه دولتی و غیر­انتفاعی) استان یزد بودند که به صورت هدفمند ساده انتخاب شدند. فرایند نمونه گیری و مصاحبه­ها تا زمان اشباع داده­های نظری (15دانش‌آموز) ادامه یافت و مضامین اصلی تجربه‌ها از طریق روش کلایزی (Colaizzi) کشف شد. سپس بر اساس مضامین اصلی کشف شده به مطالعه مروری روش‌های آموزشی و درمانی مربوط به کمال­گرایی پرداخته شد تا جلسات آموزشی ویژه کمال‌گرایی طراحی شود. در نهایت برنامه آموزشی طراحی شده با استفاده از روش گروه‌های کانونی متشکل از مشاوران تخصصی مدارس استان یزد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 9 مضمون اصلی، برتری جویی، افکار و احساسات منفی، انزوای اجتماعی، هدف‌گذاری، تجربه سرزنش، دستاوردهای مثبت، عدم اعتماد به نفس، مشکلات رفتاری، اهمال کاریو 19 مضمون فرعی به دست آمد. برنامه آموزشیمبتنی بر تجارب زیسته دانش­آموزان کمال­گرا در9 جلسهتدوین شد و این محتوای آموزشی بر اساس ترکیبی از مؤلفه­های درمان شناختی- رفتاری و خود شفقت ورزی طراحی شد. از آنجا که برای طراحی این برنامه از تجارب دانش‌آموزان کمال‌گرا به عنوان مخاطبان اصلی و همچنین مطالعه مروری منابع علمی برای پاسخگویی به نیازهای آنان استفاده شده است و کلیه جلسات آموزشی مورد تأیید متخصصان مربوطه قرار گرفته، به این نتیجه می­رسیم که برنامه طراحی شده از روایی محتوایی/ صوری قابل قبولی برخوردار است و می­تواند در جهت برطرف کردن مشکلات کمال‌گرایی دانش‌آموزان مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجربه‌ زیسته؛ دانش‌آموز؛ کمال گرا؛ کمال‌گرایی

مراجع

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