Developing and Validating an EFL Learners’ Spiritual Intelligence Inventory: A Mixed-Methods Study

Journal of Language and Translation

دوره 12، شماره 4، دی 2022، صفحه 87-106   

نوع مقاله: Research Articles

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ttlt.2022.696905

نویسندگان

Masoumeh Azadi¹؛ Parviz Maftoon^{* 2}؛ Minoo Alemi¹

¹English Department, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

²English Department, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

The present study developed a questionnaire (Appendix 1) based on the relevant literature and interviews with 22 EFL learners, resulting in a 27-item questionnaire that was distributed among 360 EFL learners. A sequential mixed methods design was used. The analysis of the qualitative data revealed the elements of EFL learners’ spiritual intelligence. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of EFL learners’ responses generated four factors, namely: (1) Learning English for personal, social, and educational benefits, (2) learning English for personal, social, and academic achievement, (3) learning English to promote religious values, and (4) learning English for intercultural communication. The results of the study suggest that this scale is a reliable and valid measure of EFL learners’ SI. This study also revealed that SI has a significant relationship with gender and educational levels. The findings can help researchers define SI and how EFL learners’ SI can be measured. Educationists, practitioners, academics, theorists, teacher training centers, teachers, curriculum constructors, and pedagogic planners may find the results of this study beneficial if they are concerned with the importance of SI in the educational context and its influence on the performance of EFL learners.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

EFL Learners؛ Exploratory Factor Analysis؛ Spiritual Intelligence Inventory

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