Analysis of a Few Words in Shahnameh: East and Northwest Iranian

Journal of Language and Translation

دوره 13، شماره 4، بهمن 2023، صفحه 257-267   

نوع مقاله: Review Papers

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ttlt.2023.707868

نویسنده

Roghayeh Karimzadeh Naghshineh^*

Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

Persian, a southwest-origin language, comprises various Parthian and Northwestern dialects as well as
numerous loanwords adopted from East Iranian languages, specifically Sogdian. Loanwords are a
natural phenomenon in all languages. They are the product of ethnic mixture and cultural intercourses
between different folks. In addition to tribal contact between Sogdians and Parthians, the advent of
superdialect and literature account for the entrance of East and Northwest words in the Persian
language.Shahnameh has left behind a compilation of ancient-origin East and Northwest vocabulary
in Modern Persian some of which have fallen out of use with time. These now-obsolete words could
merely be found in dictionaries, formal texts, and reference books. They are archaic words and rarely
used. Employing synchrony, diachronic, and comparative methods, this paper dissects the morphology of
the following words: East Iranian Āvāza (fame), FaƔfūr (the emperor of China), Tāl ō māl (to get
scattered), SitēƔ (mountain peak, straight, high, firm), Faž (agony, pain, impurity), RāƔ (plain, slope
of a mountain and also mountain), ČuƔd (owl), Zēvar (ornament, decoration), āƔāz idan, ĀƔāz (to
start), Butfōz (chin, snout), Sangsār (stoning), Rež (desire), žiƔār (scream, loud voice), kās (pig), yāfa
(idle talk, backbiting), ĀruƔda (wild, terrifying, violent), Pasečīdan./PasēIJīdan (to get ready, to prepare),
lanIJ (to take out, bring out), Alfanĵidan (to stockpile, to combine, to obtain or achieve).
Northwest Iranian Āžīr, -Žāla,- Žerf,- žiyān, - Bahr,- Sipihr, - Hužīr, - Herbod,- Zafar,- Barzan, -
Zam,- Burz,- Andarz,- Taham,- Sipenj, - Sipāh, - yala, - yāra, - yawa, - yazidan.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Shahname؛ Word؛ Eastern Iranian؛ Northwest؛ Sogdian؛ Origin

مراجع

Persian References

Dehkhoda, AliAkba r. (1996/ 1373). Loghatnameye Dehkhoda. 14 volumes. Tehran.

Ferdowsi, Abolghasem. (2012/1391). Shahnameh. By Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. 8 volumes. Tehran. Markaz dayerato’l Ma’arefe Bozorge Eslami.

Hasandoost, Mohammad (2010/1389). Farhange Tatbighi- Mozo’I Zabanha va Goyeshhaye Irani No. 1st &2nd vol. 1st ed. Tehran. Farhangestan Zaban o Adab Farsi.

Hsandoost, Mohammad (2014/1393). Farhange Rishehshnakhtiye Zabane Farsi. Vol: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Tehran. Farhangstan Zaban va Adab farsi.

Kazzazi, Mir Jalalo’ ddin(2005/1384). Nameye Bastan. 1st to 9th vol. 5th ed. Tehran. Samt Publication.

Khalafe Tabrizi, Mohammad Hosein. (1978/1357), Borhane qate, five volumes. Tehran. Amirkabir Publication.

Khaleghi Motagh, Jalal (2014/1393), Yaddashthaye Shahnameh, 9,10,11th Volumes. 3rd ed. Tehran. Markaze Dayerato’l Maarefe Bozorg Eslami Publication (markaz Pajoheshhaye Irani va Eslami).

Nooshin, Abdo’l Hosein. (1992/1369). Vajeh Namak. 3rd ed. Tehran. Donya Publication.

 Safa, Zabihollah(2008/1387). Hemasesaraii Dar Iran. Tehran. Ferdows Publication.

Zanjani, Mahmood. (1995/ 1372). Farhange Jame’e Shahnameh. Tehran. Ata’I Publication.

Latin References

Asatrian G. S (2011) A comparative vocabulary of central Iranian dialects. Tehran, Safir Ardehal publications

Asatrian G. S (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Persian, Yerevan State University,

Bailey H. W (1934). Iranian Studies 3, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, vol 7, No 2 (pp. 275-298)

Benzing J (1983), Chwaresmischer Wortindex; mit einer Einleitung von H. Humbach; herausgegeben von Z. Taraf, Wiesbaden

Henning W. B (1939), Sogdian Loan-words in New Persian, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, vol 10, part 1 (pp. 94-106)

Henning W. B (1940), Sogdica, James G. Forlong Fund, vol 21, London.

Lenzt, W. 1926. Die nordiranischen Elemente in der neupersischen Literatursprache bei

Tafazzoli Ahmad (1993), Quelques mots savants d'origine pehlevie dans le Šāhnāme, Studia Iranica, vol 22/1 (pp. 7-13)

Zarshenas Zohreh (2004), Sogdian’’wzyy”, The Spirit of Wisdom, ed {Mēnōg ī Xrad} (Essays in Memory of Ahmad Tafazzoli). U.S.A: Mazda Publisher (pp 244-248). (English)

Andreas-Henning (1933), Mitteliranische Manichaica aus Chinesisch-Turkestan, 2, Berlin (SPAW)

Bartolomae Ch (1904), Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Berlin: Strassburg, K. J. Trübner

Horn, P (1907), Ross und Reiter im Šāhnāme, ZDMG 61 (pp. 837-949)

Horn, P., 1893, Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie, Strassburg, K. ǰ., Trübner

Wolff F (1965), Glossar Zu Firdosis Schahname. Berlin: (repr. Hildesheim: George Olms) Verlage Buchhandluung