بررسی اتنوفارماکولوژی و تنوع در اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی برخی از گونه‌های جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) در رویشگاه‌های شمال ایران

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

دوره 11، شماره 3، مهر 1402، صفحه 44-66   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ejmp.2023.1965442.1709

نویسندگان

مینا دردی¹؛ سارا خراسانی نژاد^{* 2}؛ خلیل قربانی³؛ محسن فرهادپور⁴

¹دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

²استادیار و عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

³دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

⁴پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه داروئی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تنوع اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی 16 توده  از جنس بنفشه (Viola spp.) از 16 رویشگاه در شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران (استان‌های گلستان، مازندران، اردبیل، آذربایجان‌شرقی و کرمانشاه)، تحقیقی بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار صورت پذیرفت. اطلاعات اتنوفارماکولوژی از مردم محلی به‌دست آمد و نمونه‌های گیاهی در بهار 1398 در زمان گلدهی، از رویشگاه‌های مذکور جمع‌آوری شدند. بررسی اجزای عملکرد ، ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی نمونه ها به روشهای اسپکتوفوتومتری، ABTS و DPPH موردسنجش قرار گرفتند. نتایج اتنوفارماکولوژیکی نشان داد در بیشتر مناطق از فراورده‌های بنفشه به‌عنوان ضد‌التهاب و ضد‌ویروس در درمان سرفه و سرماخوردگی کاربرد دارد. نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های رویشگاه روی تمامی اجزای عمکرد و صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری‌شده، دارای اثر معنی‌داری بوده است به طوری‌که با افزایش ماده آلی و عناصرغذایی خاک میزان کلروفیل و وزن خشک اندام هوایی نمونه‌ها افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع میزان ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روش‌های ABTS و DPPH، فنل‌کل و فلاونوئیدکل در اندام هوایی افزایش پیدا کرد و نتایج تجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی (PCA) نیز نتایج به‌دست آمده را تایید کرد. در کلاستربندی که براساس دو عامل اجزای عملکرد و فیتوشیمیایی انجام شد، مشخص شد در فاصله 0/2 اقلیدسی تجزیه کلاستر برای ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی، به 14 دسته و برای اجزای عملکرد به 9 دسته تقسیم شدند. نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای نیز نشان داد که ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ادافیکی رویشگاه اثر بسیار زیادی بر اجزای عملکرد و ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی در گیاه بنفشه دارد که میتواند تعیین‌کننده الگوی مناسب کشت باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ اتنوفارماکولوژی؛ بنفشه؛ توده رویشگاه؛ فلاونوئیدکل؛ فنل‌کل

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